Economic sciences

Okutaeva S.T., master's degree of economy

ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION THROUGH THE PRISM CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT

Globalization has quite a powerful impetus to the deep changes in the global economy. Due to the dynamic growth areas high-tech world is more interdependent than ever. This applies not only growing interdependence in economic relations - trade, investment, finance and production organization on a global scale - but also social and political relations between organizations and individuals throughout the world.

In the modern state the main purpose of government policy in relation to economic development is deployment of resources of the country in accordance with the high and increasing performance levels. There is a need for constant improvement of the mechanisms of the economy. This implies the continuous improvement and innovation in existing industries and ability to compete in the new.

One manifestation of the rising level of the economy is study of the issues on the development strategy of cluster development in the country. This raises the feasibility of considering one of the priorities of economic policy, aimed at improving the competitiveness of the state, companies, products, - the creation of industrial clusters. Actually efficient cluster development model housekeeper can stably generate new items of technology, now-how, discoveries, and adapt to other countries in the developed new processes, technology goods.

To date, it is advisable to distinguish three "center" (the region) cluster development, namely:
1. North American region.
2. The Western European region.
3. Asian region.
Such a regional typology of cluster systems in the world due to factors such as:

ü Separate development over a long period;

ü Quite a well-established tradition in the specific economic development
on the basis of cluster development;

ü Differences in the availability of these or other strategically important
natural resources;

ü Distinguish the structure of industry;

ü Different capacity of national (regional) markets;

ü The role of the political factor in the functioning of the state
and others.

This article will focus on studying the experience of the Asian region.

In the Asian region has developed its own special type of cluster development in the economy. It contains features and background, bringing together the European region, but at the same time there is a purely Asian specific features. Historically, many countries in the region are of the type of a
prolonged stagnation of the political and economic development, isolation from world markets, a large force of eastern traditions feudal state entities. Among the similarities with the Western Asian region include Active state principle for the development of cluster initiatives.

Public authorities in the countries of the Asian region consider their duty to actively and purposefully interfere with processes in their economies, trying to protect them from dangerous competition from foreign producers and help expansion into foreign markets. This emphasis can be considered a specific national economic policies of the Asian region, countries which have been particularly active in fighting for already engaged in "niche" in the world markets through active development sufficiently competitive clusters.

Particularly striking example of the effective implementation of cluster solutions is the experience of the island of Hokkaido in Japan, where in the first half of the 1990s was a Central Organization for sustainable development and promoting the development of industrial clusters. In the process of development is determined by the area of increased business activity, discussions, a draft, formed a working group created by the Supervisory Board, prepared plan for the project.

Cluster development in many ways typical of the industrialized countries, is beginning to appear in developing countries such as India, which is actively involved in the global competition for its innovation, as a supplier of products for export. Center for scientific and technological progress in India is Bangalore. Its small and medium-sized enterprises are actively working with local research centers and institutes. There has been closely intertwined relationships between high-tech sectors of engineering, electronics, telecommunications, defense, engineering, and institutions. Please note the presence of a highly professional workforce and generating innovative technological ideas. The decisive factor in the transformation of Bangalore center intensive technologies is the decision of the central government on the allocation of public investment companies and institutions engaged in the development program, and the participation of the government in this process for the past 30 years. Researchers and engineers in Bangalore managed to organize a sustainable process of technological innovation in many sectors of the local industry. Large public sector enterprises acted as accelerators of progress, provides training, idea generation and implementation know-how. India has achieved much success in the development of information technology and Internet systems. This was preceded, on the one hand, the elimination of burdensome state licensing regime, and on the other - the creation of research centers in the preparation of such specialists, who are now working on the orders of U.S. firms, providing investment in information technology industry.

At the legislative level, prioritize exports of software, its development and training.

Identified factors that impede the development of this industry and the creation of enterprises, establishment of several approaches to the development of the industry, such as:

- Simplification and optimization of the clearance procedures;

- The creation of services on a "single window" in state institutions;

- Provision of basic amenities to the Information through joint infrastructure capacity.

In 1998, a national special commission to study the prospects of information technology and software development, which should ensure the development of recommendations to address the barriers to rapid development, and support the industry. Was established as an organization "Technology Parks of India software" for the implementation of industrial parks and export promotion through the provision of necessary infrastructure services, including communications (the system of high-speed data exchange.)

Therefore, the above experience has shown that the modern high technologies can only be based on the processes of integration: horizontal, regional and vertical. Progress is the now disparate enterprises and their associations, groups, clusters and networks. This experience is especially actual for Kazakhstan that converting into the technologically developed country in a world economy is an objective and insistent necessity. Creating competitive clusters requires a sufficiently long time.

References:

1. M.Namazbekov. Cluster development and globalization: the experience of foreign countries

2. N.Kalybekova, M.Temirgalieva. Cluster development of the post-crisis economy of Kazakhstan.

3. N.Suloeva, A.Kaygorodtsev. Cluster approach in developing economies. Herald KASU, № 4, 2008