Экономические науки /13. Региональная экономика

Candidate of Economic Sciences, associate professor Smagulova G.S.

al-Farabi Kazakh National university, Kazakhstan

State regulation of regional development

The aggravation of differentiation of economic and social development of the regions became the most important problem which faced Kazakhstan during the period of reforming. One of the ways of eradicating of regional contradictions is the state regulation of the regional development which contents is consisted in the system of the organizational legal mechanisms which are really influencing processes of territorial development in the interest of regions.

The regions (Concerning Kazakhstan it is regions, the large and small cities, rural areas) should be considered from two positions. First of all, it is the territory where economic activity is carried out in compliance with the production specialization which is gathered the population with the same interest of regional reproduction. Secondly, the region is part of the general socio-economic system of the state which development is fully depends on the general regularities of process reproduction [1].

The degree of integrity of the general socio-economic system in many respects depends on the level of territorial differentiation. If natural territorial distinctions are considered useful and don't break unity of space as its bring dynamism in placement of places of the appendix of work, in structure of economy of the region and the system of settlements, abnormally high progressing differentiation of regions negatively influences its integrity and a sustainable development.

One of the most important key indicators characterizing an economic component of regional systems is the gross regional product (GRP) per capita. The comparing of this indicator on regions gives the chance to estimate the degree of heterogeneity of economic space of the country that finally influences the efficiency and the stability of economy of the regions.

For descriptive reasons it is brought the data by us (figure 1), testifying pronounced territorial differentiation of regions of Kazakhstan.

Picture 1. Gross regional product per capita in 2011

(A chart is constructed by author on a basis of the data of Agency of Statistics of Republic of Kazakhstan)

The break among regions on a gross regional product per capita was 11 times in 2011. As we see, the break among the regions of Kazakhstan is huge despite the carried-out measures in a framework realized these years. If we compare we see that differentiation among regions in Switzerland makes 2,2 times, in Canada - 1,8 times. The received values show about insufficient efficiency of undertaken measures for situation change.

The leaders among the regions on this indicator are Atyrau, Mangistau provinces, Almaty and Astana in 2011. The Southern Kazakhstan and Zhambul provinces have the smallest values. These positions of the regions remain year by year.

First of all, these distinctions are influenced by volumes of poured-in investments, an industry level of development and specifics of developed branches.

The analysis of tendencies of socio- economic development of the country for the last decade allows to reveal and to state the existence of the following situations:

- Regional differentiation in adapting to the market;

- Essential distinctions between leading regions and regions outsiders and, as a result, increase in the number of problematic territories;

- rupture of economic communications and weakening of economic relations in the country.

The main reasons for increasing territorial distinctions are:

- Removal of leveling mechanisms of administrative management by territories of the country, in particular the mechanisms such as planned alignment of the prices, establishment of territorial coefficients and extra charges to a salary in the remote, desert, ecologically adverse regions, the organized set of labor for the development of new areas, etc.;

- Different levels of adaptation of regions to market reforms;

- The strengthened development of the extracting raw materials and export-oriented regions absorbing the most part of the investment and other resources;

- Weakness of mechanisms of regional policy which is not as much stimulated development of regions, as many were directed on their self-survival and independence [2].

Meanwhile social and economic differentiation of regions is typical practically for all large countries. Moreover, it is impossible to overcome a difference socio-economic situation of regions totally. In that process it is important to determine mechanisms of state regulation on reduction of interregional distinctions.

Scientists of Institute of Economy of Kazakhstan allocates various levels of interregional differentiation: weak, average and strong.

Table 1. The mechanism of the state regulation of the interregional differentiations

The level of interregional differentiation	The types of government support	Result
The weak level of differentiation	Assumes more delicate approaches which consider situations in those regions as much as possible where the situation is the worst, but at the same time, areas preferably needing the state support should manage to pick up reasonable levers of assignment. In that process, when government resources are available, which are enough for improving impulses of business activity and economic activity of weak regions, the lagging of weak regions from strong regions is minimized.	The lag growth is minimized
The average level of differentiation	the state support is given in such measure in order to stop the rising of gap in a levels of development of regions and at the same time to stimulate market activity in weak regions to strong level, that is to promote creation of business climate in the territory, specifically forming here institutes of market infrastructure (with the help of the states, local authorities and businessmen).	Preventing of rising of gap in the levels of development
The strong level of differentiation	The state creates opportunities to weak regions to develop quicker, than the strong regions developing without support	The achievement of regional balance
Made by author on a basis of source [1]

The offered mechanism of state regulation of interregional differentiation is directed to provide conditions for development of regions. According to the Expected scheme of territorial and spatial development of the country till 2020 assumed that the “providing of polarized development of the country through stimulating the territorial concentration of industrial and manpower in “growth points” and in areas economically perspective and favorable for activity”.

Based on the drawn conclusions, it is necessary to believe that the purposes of state regulation of regional development have to be: creation of conditions for emergence of state and significant "growth points"; stimulation of development of the territories which are not capable to develop independently.

Literature:

1. Brimbetova N. Zh. The modernization of territorial and industrial development Kazakhstan: methodology and priorities. Monography. –Almaty: MES RK. -2011.-229p.

2. Nurlanova N.К. Regional paradigm of a sustainable development of Kazakhstan: theory and practice problems. – Almaty: Economy institute KN МES RК, 2009. - 328 p.