Экономические
науки/15.Государственное регулирование экономики
PhD student Kondybayeva S.K.
Kazakh National University named al-Farabi,
Kazakhstan
Stages of development of
housing policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Housing
was once described as ‘the wobbly pillar under the welfare state’, because the
state has not seen its role as the main provider. The
housing market is a one market for a consumer good that is subjected to more
policy initiatives than any other.
For the period of independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan
construction of housing has become one of the priority
directions of the Strategy of the country development until 2050 and is one of
the most important tasks of national level. Nowadays considerable attention is
paid to its settlement. It is connected
with the fact that up to the recent time the housing sector
was on the periphery of the social and economic policy. In these conditions the
crisis of housing sector appeared with a significant decrease of volumes of
housing construction, in first place affordable for the majority of population,
aging of housing facilities as well as engineering and communication networks.
Sharp decrease of living level of the population intensified the problem, and
complete overhaul of housing facilities and systems of life-support of the
population has become a national problem.
Recently significantly high and stable speed of growth of Kazakh economy
has created economic prerequisites for solution of housing problem with
participation of the government. Ex facte, hard work has been done in this
direction. In 2000 the Conception of
long-term financing of housing construction and development of the system of
mortgage lending was adopted. In
framework of the State program of development of housing construction for
2005-2007 it was supposed to provide a wide circle of population with an
affordable housing. For its development amendments were made in the legislation
about rental housing and about share in the construction capital. Besides the
State program of development of housing and communal sphere for 2006-2008 was
developed.
On one part the above facts show importance that is given to the issue
of improvement of living conditions, as the right for housing is a
constitutional right of every citizen, and its realization is an important
condition for achievement of modern living standards of the population. On the
other part a serious correction of the State program identify absence of
accurately considered and realistic strategy of solution of the housing
problem.
At present the legal basis of housing policy in the Republic of
Kazakhstan is formed with a range of documents: Constitution of the RK and
legislation of the RK “About housing relations”, “About mortgage”, “About
housing construction savings”, “About share in the capital for housing
construction, the Conception of long-term financing of housing construction and
development of mortgage system, the
State program of housing construction for 2005-2007, the State program of
housing construction for 2008-2010, the program of development of construction
industry and production of construction materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan
for 2010-2014.
However all these documents act separately and developed without
connection with each other, insufficiently oriented for achievement of program
tasks. As a result of absence of scientific, methodological and organizational
support, the efficiency of programs accepted for realization is very low.
Absence of the law that regulates the basics of housing policies with clear
statement of goals and tasks results in diverse interpretation of goals of the
housing policies. For example in the State program of housing construction for
2005-2007 the main goal of housing policies is declared as creation of
conditions for purchasing and construction of housing by the population by
means of development of the progressive forms of crediting. In the State program
for 2008-2010, the goal is changed: the main goal of housing policies is the
transition for stable functioning and development of housing construction that
provides affordability of housing for citizens with different levels of income. In framework of the Program of housing
construction in the RK for 2011-2014 stipulated a new scheme of
construction of mortgaged housing with realization by means of construction
savings, support of commercial housing by means of funding of banks of the
second level.
Nevertheless the analysis showed week parts of the above programs: Not succeeded up to
the end to provide affordability of housing to the majority of economically
active population;
was not accelerated the provision of housing to the citizens before
that the state has obligations as well as young families. The existing
problems in the sphere of provision of the citizens of the country with
affordable and qualitative housing showed the necessity and timeliness of
transition to new housing policies. The significance of development and
implementation of integral, scientifically grounded housing policies is
especially high right now when economic and social reforms of the perestroika
period undertaken for modernization of the society led to its deep
transformation.
In
1993, an important step was made in the housing reform. “The State program of
new housing policies and mechanisms of its realization” is accepted by Decree
of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan #1344. Its final purpose was
self-repayment of housing maintenance. It provided a number of important
strategic steps in the sphere of housing policies of the state.
Essence
of the housing policies executed since then consists in transfer from
distribution of housing habitation built at the expense of state central
capital investments to its acquirement by some citizens or juridical persons
for their own means. Right for receipt of free housing habitation by low-income
groups or socially vulnerable citizens is preserved or for acquirement of it
for moderate prices from state or municipal funds according to norms,
advantages and privileges established by the law. The prevalent situation in
the sphere of provision of population with houses testifies necessity of
execution of principally new housing policies.
References
1. Law of the Republic
of Kazakhstan. About the housing relations:– Almaty: LAWYER, 2006. – p. 52
2. The State program
of new housing policies and mechanisms of its realization // Decree of the
President of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1993y., № 1344.