Nevmerzhitskaya Elena Viktorovna

Doctor of pedagogic sciences, professor, Sociology, pedagogics and psychology department, Moscow State Technical University,

Moscow, Russia

To the question about a component of ethno-colour interview

What is ethno-colour interview? The oral questioning, having ethno-colour orientation, of people which were chosen according to statistic methods. This definition contains some key notions of the ethno-colour interview method.

The process of ethno-colour interview is characterized by the fact that its participants view this process differently. As a rule the questioned people perceive it as natural, personal and enough spontaneous talk. For the interviewer it is a detailed, planned beforehand questioning according to a particular scheme. And for the researcher of questioning it is a uniform to the limit experimental situation in order to receive knowledge on ethno-colouristics and reaction of the questioned people.

Ethno-colour interview which helps to get empirical and factual material causes a very peculiar reaction of a man who is not acquainted with it. For example, during the interview on a leading colour, a respondent of some ethnic culture answers the question: «What colour do you associate your ethnic membership? » the following way: the representatives of Slavonic nations named red and blue (the Russian, the Byelorussian, the Ukrainian); red, blue, yellow (the Ukrainian); white and red (the Pole and the Dane); blue (the German, but in the South of German it was green); red, green, very seldom – black (the English), etc. In this aspect there is an interesting fact which testifies to willingness of participating in interviews and answering questions to be reduced since the beginning of 2000. That’s why we have to agree with the observation results of Doctor of Philosophical and Economic Sciences, Professor Elizabeth Noal-Noiman and those presented in the textbook «Ethno-colour interview» by Doctor of Pedagogic Sciences E.V. Nevmerzhitskaya [1] that corroborate the denial of participating in interview in the every fifth case on average.

Ethno-colour interview can be presented as a talk of two people, one of which can feel himself uncomfortably. From the interview’s point of view he takes a lot of respondent’s time, prevents from further work or rest, and asks inconvenient questions. From the respondent’s point of view a strange man stops in a street, sits to the table and begins to ask about very intimate things, for example about health, plans for future, personal worries, addressing by the way to different ethno-colour themes without expressing personal attitude to the interlocutor, he conducts the talk due to a particular scheme breaking the adopted norms of communication.

If we understand ethno-colour interview as a polite conversation with definite conventions, it should really offer resistance. For example, «All but not every», as it is given in the book by Elizabeth Noal-Noiman [2]. The German scientists, who introduced the method of questioning in Germany, believed that an interview is to bear a strong resemblance to ordinary talk. The «Nurnberg school» of Society dealt with consumption study had been conducting questionings in Germany since 1934 and it greeted the questioning of its familiar people in order to get intimate information by the reporters. Performing the role of interviewers, they were to work in natural atmosphere, talk about without question list sometimes in such a way that the questioned people were not conscious of being taken an interview.

Thereby it was a success to avoid some shock peculiarities of an interview, in particular, by penetrating of an alien into private atmosphere of the questioned person. The German scientists believed that in such a way the most reliable data conveyed with maximum frankness could be got.

The supposition mentioned above is not true because the representative data, being the main source of receiving information, do not undergo the exact statistics processing (see e.g. [3]). In the present case it is impossible to ensure neither the representation of the questioned group, nor elements’ uniformity of the answers. So, the definite conditions of calculating numbers and mathematical-statistic analyses are not observed.

When we speak about a representative of a definite ethnic group from whom a sociologist wanted to get ethno-colour information it is not necessary to present their ethno-colour interview as a talk between familiar people. The communication between alien people, anonymity, questions of various character, unilateral talk, when the questions are asked only by the interviewer, demand for definite prerequisites for future interview which must motivate the questioned people for sincere perception of the suggested text. The so-called freedom from social compulsion, resembling relaxed, emancipated behaviour between the interlocutors which is based, in particular, on interviewer’s knowledge of ethno- etiquette rules and norms of certain society’s behaviour is presented in the ethno-colour interview.

Литература:

1. Ноэль-Нойманн Э., Петерсен Т. Пер. с нем. Л.Н. Рыбаковой, Е.В. Невмержицкой. / Науч. ред. и автор вступит. ст. Н.С. Мансуров.– М.: МГУКИ, 2007. – 616 с.

2. Невмержицкая Е.В. Этноколористическое интервью: учебно-практическое пособие. – М.: Граница, 2012. – 128 с. Серия «Изучаем этноколористику».

3. Невмержицкая Е.В. Цвет и географические реалии: учебное пособие. –:М.: Граница, 2013. – 168 с. Серия «Изучаем этноколористику».