Balausa Hantaevna Utebaeva  

 

Kostanaysky state university of a name of A.Baytursynov

 

   

PARAZITOLOGICHESKY STUDYING OF MOLLUSKS OF SOME RESERVOIRS

 SHCHUCHINSKO-BOROVSKY RESORT ZONE.

 

 

Difficult life cycle of sosalshchik is carried out with change of several owners including mollusks in which parthenogenetic generations (sporotsist are formed and develop and rediya), producing larvae exhausts tserkariya.The objective of research is to study òrematodes mollusks of this area

Methods of investigation. As material for this work the mollusks collected within July – August 2010 and 2011 from different reservoirs of the Bohr area served. In total it was investigated on contamination by larvae òrematodes 871ecz. the mollusks relating to 7 types: Limnaea stagnalis (198), L.truncatula(148), L.ovata(144), L. àuricularia(115), Valvata ðiscinalis(107), Planorbis planorbis(102), Anodonta piscinalis(57).

Mollusks collected hands, a net, from big depths of lakes extracted by means of a triangular drag. The part of a collected material was fixed 70 % by alcohol solution for the subsequent definition. Sinks of all mollusks were measured.

Clarification of contamination from water mollusks and studying of morphology of tserkariya of the mollusks which have left an organism - owners were carried out by larvae of sosalshchik by the standard technique in parasitology.

All drawings are executed by means of the drawing device RA-4.

For the purpose of studying of age dynamics of infection of mollusks òðåìàòîäàìè, mollusks (Pl. planorbis) were conditionally divided on height of sinks into 3 dimensional and age groups. Mollusks with height of sinks of 3-6 mm carried to the 1st group, the 7-10th to the 2nd, the 11-14th to the 3rd group.

Results of research: At mollusks of Shchuchinsko-Borovsky resort zone 18 types of cercaria relating to 10 families òrematode are revealed. 11 types of cercaria finish the development in birds. Larvae of 3 types (Phyllodistomum sp æәíå Sanguinicola sp, Asymphylodora sp.) 2 look (Opisthioglyphe ranae, Haematolaechus sp develop in fishes.) in amphibians. Further development of two types (Xiphidiocercaria sp.4 Odening, 1962, Cercaria astrachanica V ²) isn't known.

Table 1. Specific structure of larvae òrematode, found in mollusks Pike - the Bohr resort zone 2010-2011g.g.

 

 

¹

¹

Types of cercaria

Intermediate owners – mollusks

Frequency of occurrence

Contamination (%)

#1

 

Xiphidiocercaria sp.4 Odening, 1962

 

L.stagnalis

29

     15,08

L.auricularia

11

     16,17

L.ovata

14

       9,79

22

Cotylurus sp ( Rud,1808)

L.stagnalis

12

      6,33

L.auricularia

1

     0,26

23

Diplostomum chromatophorum Brown. 1931

L.stagnalis

15

      7,74

24

Trichobilharzia ocellata (Brumpt 1931) (La Val . 1854)

L.stagnalis

7

        3,52

55

Opisthioglyphe ranae

L.stagnalis

5

2,81

56

Echinostoma  revolutum  ( Frohlich, 1802) Dietz, 1909

L.stagnalis

10

4,9

Pl. planorbis

1

1,09

57

Notocotylus  attenuatus ( Rud. 1809)

L.stagnalis

3

1,4

L.ovata

21

14,6

58

Apatemon sp.

Valvata piscinalis

7

12,2

59

Echinoparyphium sp  ( ? àconiatum Dietz, 1909 )

L.stagnalis

1

0,65

Pl. planorbis

1

0,03

110

Hypoderaeum conoideum Bloch, 1878

 

L.stagnalis

1

0,35

L.ovata

2

1,25

111

Tylodelphys clavatà

L.stagnalis

15

7,74

L.auricularia

1

0,05

112

Cercaria astrachanica V²

L.truncatula

25

25

13

Haematolaechus sp.

Pl. planorbis

1

1,34

114

Asymphylodora sp

 

Pl. planorbis

3

2,61

115

Phyllodistomum sp

Anodonta piscinalis

1

1,75

116

Sanguinicola sp

L.stagnalis

2

0,91

L.auricularia

1

0,08

117

Cyclocelum sp

Pl. planorbis

1

0,25

118

Tetrocotyle

L.stagnalis

89

46

L.auricularia

5

7,9

Pl. planorbis

3

3,4

 

Fresh-water mollusks are infected for 34,90 %. Naybolshy extensiveness of infection  for L.stagnalis (57,57).

The found larvae are non-uniformly widespread on reservoirs Pike - the Bohr resort zone. In Borovoye's lake and in a channel with a rapid current specific structure of larvae poor, and in inundated reservoirs, small lakes, ponds and a channel a weak current - rich.

The basic rules of ecological parasitology were established as a result of studying ïàðàçèòôàóíû vertebrate animals [3]. These rules are applied for the first time to the characteristic of contamination of invertebrates. Some features defining infection of invertebrates  are considered below.

1.     Infections of mollusks òrematode it is generally connected with nature of distribution of their final owners – vertebrata. Small mobility of mollusks causes their contamination in those sites of a reservoir where in the greatest number the invazionny beginning (eggs òðåìàòîä gets). For example: Notocotylus attenuatus on a phase ìàðèòû parasitize in intestines of duck birds. Therefore oval ïðóäîâèêà 14,6 % this sosalshchik in a pond of Shakikol it is possible to explain high contamination existence of a large number of the duck birds disseminating eggs of these parasites. In Small Chebachye's lake return ratios are noted: final owners of Notocotylus attenuatus (1,4 %), meet much less often.

2.     On contamination of mollusks the great influence is rendered by the sizes of a reservoir, its isolation, zarastaniye degree water vegetation and pro-accuracy degree. In large reservoirs different considerable depth in which mollusks on the big area, their infection is complicated. It is regularity it is noted also by us. The mollusks collected in the lake Pike and Borovoye are infected poorly. Extensiveness of their invasion makes in the lake Pike (2,8 %) and in Borovoye's lake (3,9 %). The low invasion of mollusks trematod speaks first of all in the big sizes of these reservoirs in which mollusks and vertebrata are dispersed on the big water area.

3.     High degree of contamination characterizes a pond of Shakikol. So in a pond of Shakikol extensiveness of their invasion makes (36,06 %). Here 5 types of tserkariya are revealed. A variety of fauna of invertebrates that involves here a large number of birds, other vertebrata settling in water of egg òðåìàòîä.

 Changes of contamination of mollusks with age. Increase of extensiveness and intensity of infection of animals with age – the general biological regularity. At invertebrates this regularity is shown very accurately. Thus it is possible to note that at thresh coils at diameter of a sink the 3-6th, an invasion òðåìàòîäàìè it was not noted. Mollusks with diameter of a sink of 7-10 mm were infected ïàðòåíèòàìè for 2,4 %. The greatest contamination was observed at the most adult individuals (diameter the 11-14th) the.zarazhennost reached 5,1 %. So, the increase in contamination of mollusks goes parallel to increase in their age. This fact is noted and in literature

 

The list of the used sources

 

1 . Ginetsinskaya T.A. To fauna of tserkariya of mollusks of the Rybinsk reservoir.² . Systematic review of tserkariya. // Ecological parasitology. L. : Prod. - in I LIE, 1959.

2 . Ginetsinskaya of T.A. Trematoda, their life cycle, biology and evolution. M – L. : Science, 1968.

3 . Dogel V.A. Kurs of the general parasitology of L. : Uchpedgiz, 1947.