Shaikamal G.I., candidate of agricultural sciences

Kostanai State University, Kazakhstan

Relationship of milk productivity of cows and heifers with their live weight at breeding farms LLC «Viktorovskoe» and JSC «Zarya»

Dairy productivity depends largely on its weight, as the body weight is an indicator of overall development and expresses the degree of fatness. In those farms where obtain the largest amount of milk an average live weight of cows is significantly higher than in other households, the distribution of animals of the same breed.

The tribal economy provided for a mandatory reweighing cows to (I) and (III) of lactation (table 1).

Table 1-live weight and milk production of cows

Lactation	The yield of milk per 305 day. weight, kg	Live weight, kg	Rate of milk production
LLC «Viktorovskoe»
1	3162,7	423,5	746,8
2	3370,0	449,9	749,1
3	3444,2	480,9	716,2
4-5	3650,7	517,7	705,2
6-7	3426,2	550,1	622,8
8-9	3407,4	557,0	611,7
The average herd	3313,4	496,5	667,4
JSC «Zarya»
1	3342,78	495,1	675,2
2	2897,81	511,45	566,6
3	2542,58	513,46	495,2
4	2920,0	518,33	563,3
5	2492,44	524,9	474,8
6	2782,25	536,25	518,8
7	2701,08	567,5	475,9
The average herd	2811,28	523,9	538,5

High milk yield of cows linked to large physiological stress throughout the body. In each breed, each Stud best on productivity of animals, usually has a higher body weight than the average for the breed, Stud. For the best in breed for milk is record and a higher body weight. Therefore, when evaluating the milk productivity of the animal are drawing attention to the rate of milk production-quantity of milk per lactation per 100 kg live weight.

Having analysis of the rate of milk production in cows, cow, LLC «Viktorovskoe» in the average herd size is 667.4 kg.

Dairy cows for this indicator should be 800-1000 kg per 100 kg of live weight, for milk-and-meat 650-750 kg, therefore in this direction is still working with the herd.

However, the rate of milk production depends and varies not only from the weight of cows, but on the level of productivity, conditions of feeding, care, and maintenance.

In breeding farm LLC "Viktorovskoe" breeding work should be aimed at increasing the level of milk production of cows, as the indicator weight of cows is high and exceeds the breed standard for (I) lactation at 23.5 kg, or 5.8%; (III) and over lactation to 36.4 kg, or 7.4%. Lactation II indicator weight of cows is at the level of the breed standard.

In most cases, with the increasing mass of cows goes and increased productivity. However, this does not mean that we should blindly send the entire breeding herd of black-Motley breed only to increase body weight. Breeding should be done in a positive, combined with increased productivity of the herd, that is supposed to grow not only live weight of cows, but milk yield during lactation. All that work can be done only through the establishment of solid feed base, full feed and the proper keeping of animals.

Krasota V.F., Lobanov V.T., Japaridze, T., Everyones A.S., Sagittarius A. argue that most large animals should not be lots of milk. For each species there is some optimum body weight. The increasing weight of cows to the positive effect on milk production. But if body weight above the limit of tree species optimum and is not so much the overall development, propensity to obesity, this increase in body weight to increase milk production are not affected [1, 2].

Table 2-evolution of body weight and average daily gain of heifers LLC «Viktorovskoe»

Age period	Year
	2012	2013
Live weight (kg) aged, Mon.
6	159,3	151,7
12	250,5	263,5
18	341,2	353,2
Average daily gain,
6-12	506,7	621,1
12-18	503,9	498,3
6-18	505,3	559,7

Is undeniably an important moment in the production of milk is the correct repair growing heifers. For judgments about the growth and development of heifers within science-based standards define the body weight. In breeding farm, it must not be lower than the standard requirements of the I class of black-Motley breed.

In the LLC "Viktorovskoe" 6-and 9-month heifers have slightly lower body weight ratios of the breed standard to 5.9 and 2.3 kg or 4.2 and 1.2%, respectively (table 3).

Table 3-evolution of body weight and average daily gain of heifers in JSC «Zarya»

Live weight, kg	Age (months).
	at birth	3	6	9	12	15	18
	23,38	81,29	134,12	192,74	251,35	298,43	327,31
Average daily gain,	Age (months).
	0-3	3-6	6-9	9-12	12-15	15-18	0-18
	643,4	587,0	651,3	651,2	523,1	320,9	562,8

JSC «Zarya» 6-and 9-month heifers have slightly lower body weight ratios of the breed standard to 5.9 and 2.3 kg or 4.2 and 1.2%, respectively

Heifers older have body weight at the level I class of the breed standard. But in order to continue to have highly productive cows, you must pay close attention to the cultivation of heifers, to use more intensive production methods.

By exterior-constitutional type of animal productivity, their State of health. Currently in dairy cattle breeding, importance of steel attached to the exterior of the animal. It is well known that animals with good conformation to a lesser extent to face culling because of injuries and diseases of the limbs, they are less difficult calving, and they are able to eat more feed needed for high milk production.

Take this assessment to the exterior, it is easier to select the wanted type of animals that are in good health and normal reproductive abilities will have the highest productivity.

Exterior score gives the opportunity to judge the growing conditions of the animal at an early age, because these conditions have an indelible mark on his body type.

References:

1 Скотоводство. Е.А. Арзуманян, А.П. Бегучев. – м.: Колос, 1984. – 399 с.

2 Скотоводство: резервы повышения молочной продуктивности. – Алма-Ата: «Кайнар», 1980. – 176 с.