GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE MODERN WORLD

Dosmanbetova Kamshat

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University,

Al-Farabi street 71,

Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan E-mail: heartbreaker_03_93@mail.ru

877784576398

Abstract: The paper is devoted to the study of the greening of the world. The author on the basis of scientific research explains how environmental pollution, the greenhouse effect, depletion «of the ozone layer», photochemical smog, acid rain, soil degradation, deforestation, desertification, the problem of waste, reduction of the gene pool of the biosphere, etc., which directly affect the human body and the living creatures of the universe. Significant damage to agriculture caused dust storms, seasoning soils, etc. Pollution of the World ocean reinforce the sea accidents, during which the water flow of millions of tons of oil, etc. On the basis of the analysis made a proposal to address global environmental problems.

Key words: greenhouse effect, ecological expertise, toxic dioxins, acid rain, World ocean.

Today ecology of our planet is in a state of acute crisis. The rapid progress of science and technology on the one hand allowed to meet all the needs of human society, but on the other hand - worsened the conditions of its existence. Constantly growing impact of civilization on the environment quickly brings the global environmental catastrophe. It should be emphasized that in opinion of many scientists, this catastrophe can occur much earlier, than happen crisis because of the lack of any fossil resource. Global problems are caused contradictions of social development, sharply increased the magnitude of the impact of human activity on the surrounding world and are also connected with the uneven socio-economic and scientific-technical development of countries and regions. The solution of global problems requires the deployment of international cooperation. The most important global environmental problems facing the modern man, as follows: environment pollution, the greenhouse effect, depletion «of the ozone layer», photochemical smog, acid rain, soil degradation, deforestation, desertification, the problem of waste, reduction of the gene pool of the biosphere. The greenhouse effect is the heating of the interior layers of the Earth's atmosphere, caused by the transparency of the atmosphere to the main part of the radiation of the Sun (in the optical range) and absorption by the atmosphere of the main (IR) part of thermal radiation of the planet's surface, heated Sun. In the atmosphere of the Earth radiation is absorbed by the molecules of H2O, CO2, O3, etc. The greenhouse effect increases the average temperature of the planet, softens the differences between day and night temperatures.

As a result of anthropogenic impact (fuel combustion and industrial emissions) the content of carbon dioxide, methane, dust, fluorine chlorine carbon, connections (and other gases that absorb

in the infrared range) in the Earth's atmosphere is increasing gradually. A mixture of dust and gas acts as a plastic film over парником: well miss sunshine, going to the soil surface, but the delay of the waste on the soil of the heat - as a result under the film is created by the warm microclimate. It is not excluded, that the increase in the greenhouse effect as a result of this process may lead to global climate changes of the Earth, melting of glaciers and rise in level of the World ocean. Acid rain is precipitation (including snow), acidic (pH below 5,6) because of the high content in the air of industrial emissions, mainly SO2, NO2, HCl, etc. As a result of hit of acid rain in the surface layer of soil and water bodies develops acidification, that leads to degradation of ecosystems, loss of particular species of fish and other aquatic organisms, impact on soil fertility, reduction of forests and their desiccation. Acid rain is especially characteristic for the countries of Western and Northern Europe, to the USA, Canada, industrial areas of the Russian Federation, Ukraine and etc.

Depletion of the stock of energy resources. The most important factor limiting the development of human industrial activity, is the energy limit. The current global energy consumption of mankind is about 10 TWh the Basis of energy today is the fossil fuels: coal, oil, gas and uranium-235. All we are concerned about the exhaust gases, which are the result of the activity of large industrial enterprises and the damage which they cause to the environment. But don't we all know that the fallen leaves, which burns people in some countries of the near their homes, or in places designated for waste inflict no less harmful for the environment. Firstly, they harm not only the atmosphere of his country, but also harm other countries. As atmosphere is the most common. That's why the General atmosphere of needs in the General law. This present article follows the objective of developing a common law for the conservation of the atmosphere from the harmful effects of burning leaves. We poison ourselves gases, knowing about the importance of clean air for our health, and it is certainly an actual problem, which requires its discussions and decisions. The most common diseases include asthma, cancer, and various kinds of mutations [1]. First of all I would like to note that the leaves are the filters. They absorb heavy metals, and the tree roots absorb toxic substances. That is, during the burning of leaves of the most harmful substances, namely: oxides of carbon, dioxide, nitric acid, and the most important toxic dioxins throws back into the air. The latter have mutagenic, carcinogenic effects, thus lead to the decrease of immunity and the development of anomalies [2]. One ton of burnt leaves allocate 30 kg of carbon oxide. These substances tend to be mixed with the hemoglobin in the blood and prevent saturation of cells with oxygen. If in a pile of burning leaves are polyethylene or plastic bottles, are emitted into the atmosphere approximately 70 of harmful substances. We must understand that these circumstances add to the problem of the health of the rising generation and the elderly. The growth of the world consumption of energy in time has the exponential character (as well as growth of the population of the Earth). The interval of time between the development of the first 10% and the development of the last 10% of the stock nonrenewable resource is called a useful period of use of raw materials source. The calculations showed that, for example, for gas useful period will last for 20-25 years, for oil 30 to 40 years for coal – up to 100 years. Thus, on the basis of the energy strategy of humanity marked clearly not the case, which could provide quite a long period of stable development of mankind. If we assume that the population of the planet in a certain period of time to stabilize at around 15 billion people and its energy budget will be only in 2 times exceed today's energy budget of the United States (20 kWh per capita), it turns out that all the explored today oil reserves will be used during 3 months, and stocks of coal – 15 years [3].

Among the pressing environmental the problems are the most important ones:

- the disappearance of many thousands of species of animals and plants;

- the world ocean are less and less able to regulate natural processes;

- the widespread reduction of forest cover;

- total atmosphere pollution, shortage of clean air;

- the appearance of holes in the ozone layer, which protects all life on the planet from the deadly cosmic rays;

- reduction of the stock of mineral resources.

To solve this problem it is necessary in the shortest possible time, and by the forces of the international community, since all the scientific challenges of environmental management can not only be resolved by a single state. It has become quite obvious destructiveness of the consumer attitude of man towards nature only as the object of obtaining some of wealth and goods. For mankind it becomes vital to change the philosophy of the attitude to the nature [4].

In addition to the General reasons for the aggravation of the majority of global problems, there are a lot of specific on a specific problem. For example, the food problem, and in addition to the reasons mentioned above, worsens well as the spread of deserts. Thus, 53% of the territory of Africa and 34% - to Asia are experiencing the «occurrence» of the desert. Significant damage to agriculture caused dust storms, seasoning soils, etc. Pollution of the World ocean reinforce the sea accidents, during which the water flow of millions of tons of oil, etc.

One of the social causes of aggravation of global problems is ill-conceived regional policy of the States, lack of economic sovereignty, national ownership over their natural resources, means of production [5].

Ways of solving global environmental problems: Firstly, ecologization of production: «green» technologies, obligatory ecological expertise of new projects, ideally the creation of non-waste technologies of the closed cycle.

Secondly, rational self-restraint in the expenditure of natural resources, especially energy sources (oil, coal), have for the life of mankind essential.

Thirdly, search for new, effective, safe and most harmless to the nature of the sources of energy, including space.

Fourthly, the joint efforts of all countries for the salvation of nature.

Fifthly, the formation in the society of environmental consciousness – understanding of human nature as the other, at least equal to them of a living creature, over which one cannot rule without prejudice to him and yourself.

Environmental education and upbringing in society should be placed on the state level, be carried out from the early childhood. In all inspiration, born of the mind, and the aspirations of constant vector behavior of mankind should remain its harmony with nature [6]. Summing up, you can do two simple output: global problems affect the future and the interests of all humanity and require urgent resolution. A the present time the global nature of environmental problems require a different way of thinking, a new form of self - ecological consciousness. This is, first of all, means that people should become aware of themselves as a single whole in their relation to nature. The first and most important condition for the preservation of the balance and harmony with nature, it is reasonable coexistence of people with each other. It is necessary to unite efforts of all people, of all mankind in the solutions of these problems.

Many people look at the climate change as the biggest environmental issue of our time. Climate change certainly has the potential to turn this world into one giant environmental disaster, and science warns us that we are running out of time to do something about it. The most obvious solution on how to tackle climate change is to significantly reduce the carbon emissions on

global level but world leaders are sadly still finding it impossible to agree new international climate deal that would regulate this matter. The world is still heavily dependent on fossil fuels, and fossil fuels are major carbon emitters which makes any action to regulate carbon emissions extremely difficult, especially since world's hunger for energy is growing together with the population growth. Environmental issues closely connected with climate change are pollution and endangered animals. As already said before climate change will likely bring many animals to the very brink of extinction because many animals won't be able to adapt to fast developing changes in climate, and many of them will likely forever perish from the face of our planet. Fossil fuels burning is not only the main cause of climate change but also one of the main causes for pollution issue, especially air pollution. In many corners of the world the pollutants are making their way into air and water causing not only big environmental damage but also killing millions of people worldwide every year. Many people seem to forget deforestation when discussing the biggest environmental issues of our time, neglecting the importance of our forests, and especially rainforests. Our forests are not only "lungs of our planet", they also absorb huge quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) which is of extreme importance in reducing the climate change impact. Together with our oceans, our forests are the biggest CO2 absorbers on our planet. With so many different environmental issues that are becoming more and more interconnected conserving the natural resources will become extremely difficult, if not impossible. The only way world can respond to the environmental challenges of this magnitude is to act as one, united in every sense of the word. Sadly, world is anything but united when it comes to environment and ecology and "the difference in opinions" still prevents world in acting as one. Take climate change talks for instance. So much talk, and so little action. Why? Because personal interests outweigh global interest, which is anything but logical, not to mention the ethics of it.

1. The Newspaper «Komsomolskaya Pravda in Ukraine» «the Doctors prohibited the burning fallen http://dn.vgorode.ua/news/21042/

2. Of the Internet-resource «Comments Lugansk» «Burning fallen leaves expensive and harmful» http://dn.vgorode.ua/news/21042/

3. “Deep Ecology for the Twenty-First Century” George Sessions Shambhala Boston ans London 1995 [Public organization «Ecological centre»: http://ekocenter.kz/index/0-4

4. The Nature of Design: Ecology, Culture, and Human Intention. David W. Orr. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2002

5. Kank V.A. Philosophy. Historical and systematic course: a Textbook for institutes of higher education. Ed. 4-e, revised and don. - M: The publishing and trading house «Logos», 2002. - 344.