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Management in Healthcare
System
Management is an
activity aimed at improving the management forms , increase of production efficiency by using a set of
principles, methods and means for activating career , intelligence and
behavioral motives of both individual employees and the entire team [1].
In
modern society, the successful development of any sphere of human activity is
impossible without effective management. Healthcare Management is an activity
aimed at improving the efficiency of individual health workers and the entire
team, by using a set of principles, methods and means that activate career,
intelligence and behavioral motives.
Healthcare
in the system of socio-economic relations plays a special role with regard to
importance and complexity of the situation, due to the objectively existing
features of the main subject of medical activity - human.
One
of the most important problems in Health Care is quality of medical service
that is difficult to overestimate , as it is connected to health, and sometimes to human life. This
problem can be solved only by optimizing management of healthcare system at all
levels. When addressing these issues the priority is given to managerial staff
of health institutions. Development and improvement in management, its
adapting to the specific situation is
one of the main levers for improving performance of health institutions [2].
Risk
of management is its natural inner
state. The problem is to learn and develop ways to overcome and adapt to the
region where the manager works.
Control
occurs when there is an association of people for joint implementation of any
activity.
The
objectives of management are:
innovation , solution of problems , implementation of specific duties ,
self-improvement [1].
Health
Care is a system of government and public measures in the sense of therapy and
prophylaxis, aimed at preserving and strengthening the physical and mental
health of every person, maintaining his long and active life, giving him
medical aid.
These
activities are diverse in terms of content:
a)
providing high-quality medical aid;
b)
supplying health care institutions and the population with medical products
(pharmaceuticals , equipment);
c)
implementation of sanitary-epidemiological surveillance;
d)
organization of treatment and rest in health-improvement institutions [2].
Government
policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of public health protection
is based on the following principles:
-state
guarantees of citizens’ rights in the field of health care;
-availability,
continuity and free health care within the guaranteed volume , social and
health- drug assistance by public healthcare organizations, and responsibility
for their implementation ;
-social
security of citizens in case of bad health ;
-social
justice and equity in delivery of medical care within the guaranteed volume;
-development
of health care in accordance with the needs of the population and provision of
equal conditions for health care organizations , regardless of ownership ;
-scientific
validity of medical and social measures ;
-development
of voluntary health insurance, and a mixed medicine;
-responsibility
of central executive bodies, local representative and executive bodies , local
governments, employers, officials for the creation of conditions that provide
health protection of citizens;
-responsibility
of medical and pharmaceutical personnel, and people entitled to holding the
rank of medical and pharmaceutical activities for the harm of citizens’ health;
-responsibility
of citizens in maintaining and strengthening of their health [3].
Health
Care of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a significant sector of the social sphere,
that has thousands of medical institutions and about 70,000 doctors of all
specialties.
Territorial
health authorities carry out their activities in a particular territory and
constitute, together with their subordinate organizations, a single management
system. This system includes: Ministry, departments by local authorities. In rural
areas, health departments were abolished, and their functions are assigned to
the central district hospitals.
Local
executive bodies are the bodies of state administration of general competence
that govern health in their territory. They are obliged to provide a
comprehensive socio-economic development, to develop proportionally, to the
specific conditions, of all sectors of socio- cultural sphere, including
healthcare system [4].
In
accordance with the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On local
governmental representative and executive bodies of the Republic of
Kazakhstan" dated December 10, 1993 regional administration governs health
organizations, takes measures to strengthen their material and technical base
and protect public health.
Local
executive bodies in their territory conduct sanitation and anti-
epidemiological measures, define plans for prevention and elimination of
diseases, control for ensuring the health of cities’ population, rural
localities, organizations, sources of water supply. They organize medical
assistance for the population, protection of motherhood, fatherhood and
childhood, provision of drug help.
Local
representative and executive bodies guide corporations and individuals to
conduct their sanitary legislation and ensure protection of citizens' rights to
health care, favorable environment, damages to their health [3].
In
the future, according to the decision of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
" On the concept of regional policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan "
dated September 9, 1996, it is being planned to carry in state management over sectors
of socio-economic development at the regional level , i.e. management of health
care at the local level is assumed to be
not in depending on the administrative-territorial division, but
depending on the socio- economic condition of the region, taking into account
different types of regions in order to better consider their potential.
Based
on the requirements of an effective combination of centralization and
decentralization of management over the country’s development, gradual transfer
of powers from the center to the regional level, and the empowerment of local
authorities and increase in their responsibility in ensuring a balanced
socio-economic development of the territories are being planned. Consequently,
the scheme of public health management will be different [5].
Ministry
of Education, Culture and Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the direct
authority of the state of health management in the country.
The
Ministry of Health with its subordinate organizations by local authorities
represents a system of medical aid organization, management and control over
the state of the population’s health and sanitary epidemiological welfare of
the republic.
The
main objectives and functions of the Ministry are:
-development,
scientific study and fulfillment of public health programs;
-coordination
of the activities of healthcare organizations that improve the organization of
medical care in general, including primary health care, maternal and child
health, to ensure the supply for the populations
health-care organizations with medicinal drugs;
-improving
the governance structure of health care management in accordance with the
priority areas of the industry;
-development
of standards in the field of health care and control over their enforcement;
-development
of sanitary-epidemiological organizations to ensure sanitary and epidemiological
well-being and radiation safety theory of the Republic’s territory;
-organization
of production of medicinal products, medical devices, etc.
The
Ministry carries out functions inherent in the system of health authorities. Healthcare
offices and departments of local executive bodies supervise health protection
within their territory [6].
Without
qualitative changes in methods and content of the public health’s management
sector, it is extremely difficult to modify existing, in some way, a
conservative model management, both at the level of a particular health care
setting, and the overall health system.
Bibliography:
1. Travin VV, VA Dyatlov,«Fundamentals of Personnel Management» . –
«Delo»,2011 .
2. Anoufriev SA,«Features of management in health clinics» / / Management in
medicine. - 2010 . - ¹ 4
3. Law of the Republic of
Kazakhstan "On local governmental representative and executive bodies of
the Republic of Kazakhstan" dated December 10, 1993
4. Akan AA, Kulzhanov MK, Kamaliev MA ,«New public health in
Kazakhstan» / Central Asian Journal of
Public Health , 2010
5. Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan " On the concept of regional
policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan " dated September 9, 1996
6. Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On people's
health and the health care system" dated October 5, 2009