Современные информационные технологии/ 1.Компьютерная  инженерия

Bulatova M.B.

Kostanay State University named after A. Baitursynov, Kazakhstan

Opportunities of websites

Nowadays websites have become an indispensable attribute of the business of most companies. The creation of them is aimed not only for advertising and entertainment purposes - with the help of websites companies try toreduce expense, increase profitsand optimize business processes. More and more people participateduring the formation and maintenance of information on the site, and many of them are not specialists in the field of information technology, they do not know HTML. Owners of large websites have long ago recognized the necessity of centralized management and automation of these processes. This problem is usually solved with the help of special software - content management systems (CMS).

However, we should understand that the system web content management - is just a tool. Scalpel itself, without the surgeon's hands is good for nothing. That’s why, in this article I have tried to consider not only the technical features of the process how to control website with the help of CMS, but also questions related to the organization of this process.

From the earliest times the process of management relied on a variety of systemsin which documents played the key role. For example, there were special charters, decrees, judgments in times of the Kievan princes; they used them to exercise authority. A system of public management was createdin the XV century during the formation of the Russian centralized state. Nowadays this term refers to a set of measures for document management,systematization of document storage, supplying of search, storage and use of documents. As you see,the tasks of the records system and CMS are quite similar. Indeed, in most of the major workflow systems, one of the main objectives is automation of document management, exist modules of controllingweb sites - some of them wewill consider in review.

So science of management - it is perhaps one of the most ancient areas of human activity. It was apprehended by trial and error and success depended on the personal qualities: intuition, ability to learn, analyze and anticipate. With the beginning of the industrial revolution, in the second half of the XIX century,there were more people who had to deal with management, but the success of the companies of that time, was obtained only because of personal qualities of the founders. Patent examples are "Ford Motor" and «WestinghouseElectric". However, the basis of the theory of management was laid at that particular time, allowing replicating best practices.

Let’s consider a Web site as a real-time system. It is located in the external environment, the characteristics of which are constantly changing. The perception of visitors, partners, customers, competitors and the actual owner of a web sitechanges, depending on these characteristics. For effective management of the web sitewe just need to keep track of environmental factors such as index of citation in the search engines, position in the popular and thematic catalogs, exchange of partners’links, changes at the competitor sites; toknow what write about your site in the Internet and traditional media. An important factor is also the observation of audience of the web site, its quantitative and qualitative characteristics, identifying strengths and weaknesses in the information content and ergonomic interface.

Regularly analyzing data that is obtained with the help of monitoring, the project’s manager has to take certain decisions to improve the effectiveness of the website. Among the efforts there may be changes in the structure or individual pages, conducting a survey, the change of design, advertising campaign, etc. As the result,the changes in site lead to the change of the attitude to it. The aims of this project are achieved (or not achieved), and it depends on how successful, qualitative and well-timed were these changes.

From the above we see, that for effective website management we need to work out following problems: outdoor environmental monitoring , monitoring of attendance, analysis of monitoring data, taking management decisions, direct changes of the site, planning and organization acts of the interaction with the external environment. And the ideal content management system should contribute resolving these problems.

Before you dwell on the technical features and functionality of modern CMS, I want to turn readers' attention to one important feature. Namely, to the fact that the vast majority of CMS developed on a web-based technology and uses a web interface. Any client equipped with a browser and connected to the network using TCP / IP, regardless of the type of computer and operating system can work with it.

Brief Historical Background

When in 1989, Tim Berners-Lee developed the technology of hypertext documents - World Wide Web; it is unlikely that he imagined the scope of the coming popularity of this service. It happened so thatthanks to himpeople who don’t know Unix commands began using network. After the privatization of the Internet in 1995, first portals began to appear in the network such as: Yahoo!, Lycos, Infoseek, Excite; and Internetwaslike a biglibrary. That is why searching the web was the main, if not the only useful feature of these popular sites. But with the growing of popularity, the field of using Internet has changed. From the library, often with dusty shelves, the Web has become a source of fresh news, a set of useful services, and it also invaded business companies. So a set of interwoven hyperlinked pages turned into a complete software product, not less complex and functional than traditional. As for the interface, it is not inferior, and in many ways has become more convenient and flexible than windowed interface Windows.

Unfortunately, the market of web content management systemis not yet fully formed. However, certain leaders appear(eg , Documentum, Percussion, Stellent, Tridion - precisely because of their financial indicators, published in September this year, analysts are talking about the fact that the market of CMSrevives ).In fairness it must be said that the products of these companies represent more funds for the organization of document in large corporations than the systemsof control, even large-scale, by our standards, websites.

For example, a method of generating a page.Because most CMS stores information in the database, the client's request pages are generated very quickly. We should keep in mind that the process of conversion to a database server may take some time, but under heavy load on the server, this time can be a serious problem. Of course, much depends on the server's performance and efficiency of the server software, but in most cases, the load of 10,000 hits a day is unlikely to be noticeable. For heavy loads, as well as the project criticality at the time response to a request, you need to choose a system with built-in capability or pre- generate pages caching mechanisms.

Since selectable system is intended to be a working tool of daily use, we should pay attention to the ease and convenience of its usersinterface, especially working with images, using of built-in editing in HTML, the availability of funds for external editors HTML, the procedure of working with the structure of the data, the availability of funds for searchinginformation.

The developer’s tools also require closeattention- usually a set of patterns, functions, and tools for working with them. The ability to bind any variant of your site design and extend the functionality of the website by means of this system depends on how successful are the solutions that used in CMS. These procedures should be described in the documentation and it should not require highly skilled technical staff for using them.

In many large projects from CMS also requiresthe funds for the organization of interaction of the working group, often - quite a large team of staff who are responsible for checking, editing, publishing materials on the web site and software work flow publications.

It is difficult to consider all aspects of the selection and usage of management systems of web contentin the magazine article, as well as to make a full and qualitative review of the existing systems on the market. That’s why, the author's view systems that offer the most characteristic decisionsof this area are included in this review. Solutions from the market leaders of the IT industry, as well as solutions for different typicalplatforms.