Teaching science/2. Problems of training specialists
L.V.Skripnikova Technical Science Candidate, Associate Professor
State University after Shakarim Semey City, Republic
of Kazakhstan
Competence-based
model of a labor protection specialist
in the system
of the vocational training
The main approaches to
development of competence-based model of the labor protection specialist are
considered in the article. The attention is
focused to the need of a fundamentalization and training professionalizing as
the most important conditions of formation of competence-based model. The
structural composition of the considered model is offered.
Keywords: competence, ability, competence-based model,
quality of training of specialists; training fundamentalization, the training
professionalizing, the generalized model of the expert; competence-based model
of training of the expert.
For
implementation of any professional activity of people a person has to possess a
number of professionally important qualities necessary for work (ability to
make decisions, to analyze situations, to be organized, sociable, initiative,
competent etc.). The activity of a labor
protection specialist possesses integrative quality, i.e. the quality set
by an object of professional activity. This object, in its turn, is bilateral:
· on the one
hand this is a person in all variety of its subjectivity;
· on the other
hand this is a control system of safety of work.
Therefore, professional activity of a labor protection
specialist assumes the following types
- productive and administrative for a successful implementation of which a future
expert has to possess necessary professional, social and psychological
qualities (touch and psychomotor properties, observation, motive, figurative
and verbal memory, technical thinking, a spatial reason, etc.). Formation of
the listed qualities happens with the design of a competence-based model of a
labor protection specialist.
Features of an
industrial production, and also a high level of traumatism define the importance of the activity of a labor
protection specialist, impose some requirements to his professional
readiness, his competence on work safety issues. In its turn, the analysis of
formation and development of professional qualities of labor protection
specialists shows that the principles of selection and the content of the specialized
training are studied insufficiently, a
competence-based model demands specification, should take into account modern
social and economic, ecological and working conditions.
The main criteria
approaches for development of such model have to be:
· theoretical
readiness for studying of a profession and moral maturity in updating of
professional knowledge;
· professional
competence of an inter professional dialogue and readiness for self-control of
professional actions;
· professional
competence of a converting activity of the personality [1].
Competence is
understood as the social and professional
activity which is based on knowledge of the person. As the basis of this
quality knowledge, abilities, skills, experience, values, tendencies and
ability of the personality to the social professional activity are. Abilities are the individual and psychological features of the personality
including knowledge and ability of the person which define his opportunities in
successful mastering a technical aspect of activity and express readiness for
mastering its certain types. Ability and readiness are main qualities of
the subject, are interconnected. At the same time ability isn't identified with
readiness for professional activity.
The concept
"competence" assumes: existence of a real specific situation in which
hidden earlier potential competence of the personality can be demanded and to
become actual; general readiness of the subject for an independent successful
activity; a defining role of knowledge, skills, experience, values and the
tendencies acquired in the course of training [2]. Basis of definition of the
content of the concept "competence" is the readiness expressed in
mobilization of all psychophysiological systems of the person, professional
actions providing effective implementation.
The
competence-based model represents the description of a set of competences the expert has to
possess, to what degree of a performance of professional functions he has to be
ready to, what has to be a degree of his readiness. Therefore at a training
course design the fundamentalization and
training professionalizing are of particular importance.
Fundamentalization
of training on a labor
protection provides selection of the most significant and steady contents which
can be guided in practical activities. It is a
question of knowledge of the basic principles, regularities which allow to estimate
a possibility of application of again acquired knowledge correctly. For example,
when studying discipline "Safety of Equipment and Technology"
(specialty 5B073100 "Health and safety and Environment Protection")
the leading line will be not transfer and characteristics of concrete cars,
mechanisms or processes, but detection of the most significant properties and
the principles of operation of cars and mechanisms, for ensuring their safe
operation [3].
It is necessary to be guided
by such important qualities, as social and professional competence, need for
self-improvement, professional dominance and social responsibility, predictive
abilities, professional reliability and civil humanity, professional
intelligence and individual style of activity.
For this purpose education
professionalizing, specification is required, i.e.:
· definition
of the leading purpose of each subject, its place in system of formation of
technical knowledge while training a safety engineer in the technical higher
education institutions;
· identification
of the most significant professional tasks solved on the basis of technical
knowledge, gained in each subject;
· definition of
the structure of a subject matter, specific weight of each its part;
· development
of practical knowledge and the occupations directed on formation of technical
knowledge.
Professionalism
of any expert should be considered as the integrated indicator of its personal
and activity essence, allocating thus three making components:
· knowledge as the
basis, basis of professionalism as a whole, characterizing its personal and
activity essence;
· communication as an ability and readiness to use knowledge in
the conditions of decision-making or the situation analysis;
· self-improvement as
strategic ability in professional formation and development which is reached by
means of self-education, and also in the course of communication with
colleagues and is shown as ability to see merits and demerits of own activity,
quickly to eliminate through self-education and self-development [4].
Psychology
and pedagogical knowledge acts as an essential link of the model in formation
of consciousness of a qualified expert and a mature personality as well. Worthy
performance of a professional duty demands knowledge of features of the
internal life, understanding of the feelings, acts, thoughts; abilities to
establish the qualitative relations with other people from. Besides, for a
modern educated person necessary knowledge of regularities of training and
education are compulsory, their skillful application in professional life [5].
The psychological aspect of design of such expert provides the organization of
motivation of training, stimulation and the accounting of an emotional factor
in professional activity, formation of intellectual interest to future
profession. From a set of forms, methods and means of formation of informative
requirement the most effective are creation and permission of problem
situations, and also communication of a stated material with practice. An
important value goes to formation of the
content of the training of labor protection specialists which includes the
systematic analysis of production, technicians and technologies, the work
organizations, selection of the nomenclature of cycles of subjects, definition
of structure, the contents and volume of subjects.
At such
approach to realization of process of training the competence-based model of a
labor protection specialist also will be formed. Structural components
of considered model are:
· cognitive and estimated (system of
profound theoretical knowledge, level of the informative sphere of the personality,
system of updating of knowledge of safety of production and safety of work
throughout all labor life);
· motivational and valuable (system of
values and motives of the personality; ratio of knowledge for a solution of the
problem of efficiency and reliability of professional activity);
· welfare (system of
the relations to socially significant purposes);
· professional and personal (level of
professional compliance of the labor protection specialist, his needs for
continuous improvement of knowledge, his application in professional activity).
The listed
components are in close interrelation:
· the
cognitive and estimated induces to updating of special knowledge, abilities,
skills, ability to make decisions independently;
· the
motivational and valuable develops conscious motivation to assimilation of
special knowledge, ability to solve production problems non-standard methods;
· the
socio-cultural includes ethical standards of behavior (honesty, decency,
criticality, commitment, identity, creativity);
· the professional
and personal expresses a degree of education of an expert, his need for
continuous updating of knowledge.
The generalized competences of the
considered model of a labor protection specialist are:
1. orientation to achievement (measures execution, will improve
results, sets the difficult purposes, enters new);
2. influence and rendering influence (uses direct belief, the facts
and figures, shows care of professional reputation);
3. conceptual thinking (distinguishes the key actions, the hidden
problems, creates sheaves and models);
4. analytical thinking (expects obstacles, systematically breaks
problems into components, draws logical conclusions, sees the consequences, the
hidden sense);
5. initiative (insists on the solution of problems, addresses to problems
before it will ask about it);
6. self-confidence (expresses confidence of own judgments, looks for
difficulties and independence);
7. interpersonal understanding (understands the relations, interests,
needs of others).
8. care of an order (strives for clarity of roles and information;
checks quality of work or information, conducts records);
9. information search (contacts to many various sources, reads
magazines and so forth);
10. team work and cooperation (collective discussion, achieves a
contribution of everyone);
11. examination (expands and uses technical knowledge; enjoys technical
work; shares professional knowledge) [6].
Conclusions
In summary it
should be noted that a simply high level of observance of safety
regulations is insufficient for a
modern level of development of industrial and social technologies as there is a
need not only for knowledge, skills of safety of activity, but also a safe
realization of any kind of activity, understanding of the purposes and
consequences of the actions for society and surrounding environment, formation
at future experts of necessary competences, a special type of the culture,
considering specifics of activity of the person in the conditions of
achievement of limits of growth, culture of health and safety. The optimum
solution of this issue is a creation of a competence-based model of a labor
protection specialist which allows defining the professional and personal
qualities necessary for successful professional activity.
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Kazakhstan No. 779, 23.12.2005
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