Pedagogical sciences / 5. Modern methods of teaching

Cand.Phil.Sci. Kungurova O. G., Cand.Ped.Sci. Kudritskaya M. I.

Kostanay State University, Kostanay State Teacher Training Institute, Kazakhstan

Transformation of a university lecture with the help of infographics

In the Soviet system of the higher education lecture was the main form of educational process. The credit system of training changed the role of the teacher, having made him some kind of dispatcher on a way of independent advance of the student to knowledge. However the main functions of a university lecture – informative, stimulating, methodological, educational, focusing – remained unchanged.

Informative function of a lecture is shown in a statement of the scientific facts, proofs and conclusions. Allocation in a material its basic features, awakening students’ of attention, interest to search, experimenting, independent work make an essence of focusing and stimulating functions of a university lecture. Analyzing scientific theories, the lecturer opens research methods, that is, carries out methodological function of lecture teaching. Developing and bringing-up functions consist, first of all, in awakening of the emotional and estimated relation at audience to a studied subject, formation of dialectic thinking in a future expert, versatile development of their personality, their general and special abilities.

Optimization of a lecture material development process assumes, first, an emphasis on basic provisions as it is impossible to record all information offered by the lecturer.

Secondly, during performance it is necessary to constantly analyze and generalize the provisions opened in the speech. Trying to present a material generally, we prepare reliable base for its economical, curtailed record. It is best done in stages, being guided by the moment of logical end of one question (a subquestion, the thesis etc.) and transition to another.

If performance causes interest, there is a natural desire to foresee the following statement. In the absence of such interest it is possible to resort to conscious installation on preguessing of the further content. With each case of good luck assimilation and storing of separate provisions of the lecture improves. However even at failures in similar attempts quality of lecturer’s performance perception, nevertheless, increases as assumptions of the listener and the statement of the speaker are compared. (The effect of comparison and contrast is widely known in training.) Thus, the advancing of the speech being presented is not only one of means for "adjusting to a wave" of the speech performer, but also a way of its comprehension and primary storing.

One of effective ways of visualization and compact information transfer from the lecturer to students is, in our opinion, the use of infographics – this innovation which roots go to the Stone Age.

Ancestors of the modern person left the messages in the form of drawings, applying make-shifts available to them thanks to what we were reached by information from the remote past. Then symbolical signs were necessary because people yet didn't know other ways of information transfer. Today graphic symbols allow squeezing information enormously – that meets requirements of time. Thus, infographics is a new phenomenon with deep roots.

In 1911 the editor of the “Time” newspaper Artur Brisbeyn estimated information value of the picture, having remade a known saying "A picture is worth a thousand words" in the recommendation: use the picture, it costs thousands words. This expression, perfectly suitable as the motto for the actual direction in the modern culture, received the name "infographics".

Infographics serves for triad representation "data, information, knowledge" in shape, the most convenient for fast and effective perception the person. Psycho-physiological basis of infographics lies in the person’s ability to grab their contents almost instantly, much quicker, than when reading. Besides graphic images have one more advantage — they are capable to strengthen and stimulate informative opportunities of the person, after all dealing with drawings, the person distinguishes the images concluded in the image, regularity and a tendency without excess efforts. That is why infographics becomes one of the major tools in a solution of the problem of Big Data submission.

We will note that it is impossible to create good infographics without sincere interest to the subject and the information with which the lecturer works. To reach desirable result, it is necessary to study all available data attentively, view geography and chronology of events, characters, photo and video records. After that it is necessary to separate the main things from minor ones, to try to guess and emphasize regularities, to find key details and to place emphasis on them.

Along with infographics use in carrying out lecture classes it makes sense to recommend students to develop their own system of symbols for speed of information fixation in their writing-books and tablets. For creation of such hyper - language it is possible to use mathematical symbols – a plus, a minus, a sign of multiplication, division, designation of a parallel, corners, geometrical figures and so forth. Development, transition of one stage to another, change of stages arrows will eloquently transfer, broken lines, the image of steps. Accumulating meanings the elementary drawings can become symbolical: bow with an arrow – for designation of rejection, denial; heart – understanding, approval; an eye – attention.

Such personal infographics will not only enormously save time of fixation by the student of information of the lecturer, but also will promote its best assimilation and storing.