Технические науки

Nurushev S , Ph.D.

Koctanai state University. A.Baitursynov

Justification of milling modes for surface treatment of solonetzes.

Annotation

The analysis was carry out according to processing technologies above solonetsz layer, there is method of determining the limit modes milling at fallow and half fallow processing systems .

Creating facilities for the growth and development of grass on solonetz lands , along with other factors depends on the structure of the soil layer above solonetz created as a result of tillage impact their working bodies , wheel implements tractors. Here with soil clods break into smaller. Spray the soil , are known to adversely affect its properties agro-physical , a Northern Kazakhstan conditions leads to the wind erosion . Above solonetz humus layer is the most valuable plants and therefore requires careful handling during processing. With this particular relevance and importance is the mode selection milling machine [1].

As the main constraints milling modes , must obviously be taken thresholds quality processing , in particular , the degree of crumbling of soil erosion and the content of hazardous particles. Studies on the identification and justification of these indicators in northern Kazakhstan has not previously been conducted.

However, in-depth studies of the dynamics of the structural units of above solonetz layer soil destruction after basic processing taking into account the factors listed in SpbIME held on solonetzes Baraba lowland in 1970 ... 1973. [1 ] . In particular, proved the high efficiency at this milling operation on agrotechnical , energy and economic indicators compared with disking and recommended the following limits on the degree of crumbling soil treatment at the main content of soil fractions to 50 mm should be in the system a couple of 40.5 ... 54 1, half fallow - 58.6 ... 68.8 % , fractions of 20 mm - 34.0 , respectively 41.0 and 53.0 ... 61.0 ... %.

Dynamics of changes in the soil structure in the system of fallow and half fallow, according SibIME [2] , clearly characterizes the subsequent mechanical impact : treatments. In the area for a couple of Baraba after primary treatment is carried out before sowing three operations , while the total number enucleating sixfold and reconsolidation one track - only ten passes aggregates. On half fallow be four operations , including a sixfold shelling , five times harrowing , and rolling in one track - a total of 12 passes aggregates.

For an area of Kazakhstan has three operations : crop field into a single track, double treatment steam harrow BIT- 3 and double disking plow harrow LDH -10 - just five passes aggregates [3].

From these data it is evident that the total number of treatments in this area is less than 2 times or more, which is mainly due to the difference in the soil. In our conditions, the soil surface layer sod is weak , prone to dusting .

In addition to the technology options SibIME not considered the impact on the structure of the soil layer over solonetz operations deep treatment after milling, in which the wheels of the tractor ripper , its working bodies also lead to changes in the original structure of the soil. It acquires special importance in relation to the basic -block tools for processing with wheel tractors "Kirovets" .

Analysis on the effect of milling quality tillage indicates identity patterns obtained under different conditions. According SibIME , mill feed is recommended on the knife within 7 ... 10 cm to provide the desired degree of crumbling soil and minimum spray []. When using these modes in our conditions observed excessive spraying soil , a large amount of erosion-prone particles. However, given the limits of crumbling soil are achievable when milling with a larger serving knife, i.e more forward speed of the machine. It is necessary to seek and to reduce the circumferential speed frezbarabana . This requirement is an analytical and experimental study . As it is known , the degree of crumbling soil ( K) , the circumferential velocity milling reel (Vo) and serve on the knife (S) with other fixed parameters are interrelated by the following empirical equations [4] :

  (1 ) %,

  (2 ) %,

Where in A1, A2 , B1, B2 , C - coefficient obtained by approximation .

Since the degree of influence on the circumferential speed of the crumbling of the soil and feed on the knife difference find the relationship of equations (Vo) and (S):

 ( 3) ,

When processing of virgin sod solonetzes in Kostanai region , for example, milling reel diameter of 450 m with four knives in bilateral translational speed of 2 m / s formulas and coefficients are as follows:

A1= 24.1 % : a2 = 123.1 % ; в1 = 96.8 % ; в2 = 6.65 % / m , с= 1 с / m

Putting these values into equation (3 ) yields the relationship (Vo) and (S), from which it is seen that by increasing feed blade at a constant forward speed can reduce the circumferential velocity . And the supply on the knife optimized degree of crumbling soil

( 4) ,

 ( 5) ,

Interconnection raising soil crumbling and milling modes with m / s ; DF = 0.45 m

Plotting these curves (see Fig. ) And overlaying limited by crumbling soil by raising the optimal feed value on the knife , and then feed on the knife - the values of the circumferential speed milling reel .

Point of interconnection regimes and the quality of the cutter will be taken as a basis for our ongoing studies to substantiate the basic design parameters of the milling machine.

literature

1. Zhulamanov K, S Nurushev. Using rotary instruments for continuous processing of soil . - In the book . . Mechanization of production : processes in crop production of Northern Kazakhstan . Alma- Ata , 1981, p.111 ... 115.

2 . Kulebakin N. Waterline machining solonetzes Baraba lowland . Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1980, p . 88 ... 101.

3 . Methodological guidelines for soil reclamation research and development of land reclamation projects solonetz in the Kazakh SSR . Alma- Ata , 1980, p.74 ... 101.

4 . Zhulamanov K, K Nikonov , A. Terpilovsky Milling sod alkaline soils in the Northern Kazakhstan. - Scientific and technical bulletin VIM vyp.28 , M. , 1976 , p.27 ... 29.