Технические науки

Nurushev S , Ph.D.

Koctanai state University.  A.Baitursynov

Study  for the treatment of working bodies of perennial grasses

Annotation

The results of the study on options for working bodies layered processing perennial grasses . Revealed that agro-technical and energy performance requirements for the surface treatment is most effective constructive- technological scheme guns  is " flat cutting paws + mill with horizontal rotation axis + rod rink ", and for processing the waterline - " flat cutting paws + mill with horizontal rotation axis + paws RSN -2.9 + rod rink . "

In the area of Northern Kazakhstan are more than 30 million hectares of natural grassland and about 1.5 million hectares of natural hayfield , located mainly on marginal (0,2-0,3 t / ha) solonetz  lands. More than half of feed ( 54.6 % ) produced in northern Kazakhstan , prepared with arable land, and the main source of their production are seeded perennial grasses [1].

Currently used technologies plowing perennial grasses , soil treatment , as well as land to be a radical improvement , provide separate technical operations (core and surface processing , and rolling ) using single-purpose tools [2].

However, the separate execution of superficial and deep subsurface treatments undesirable due to the fact that about 50% of the treated area for the first removed and sprayed by  tractor wheels and the supporting members of his guns in the subsequent passage. Deep loosening of soil pretreated background accompanied by increased slippage of the tractor.

As a result, theoretical studies suggested constructive- technological scheme combined tools for layered soil treatment containing successive working bodies. Flat cutting type - for trimming sod, weeds and partial loosening the soil to a depth of 10-16 cm, active - milling type with a horizontal or vertical axis of rotation for thorough cutting sod and obtaining the necessary degree of crumbling ; passive – flat cutting  type for loosening to a depth of 30 -40 cm and a skating rink for the partial compaction of topsoil , giving it a fine lumpy structure , getting aligned and wind-resistant surface of the field [3].

The purpose of this study - the choice of passive working bodies for loosening to a depth of 30-40 cm and active - for thorough cutting sod to 16 cm.

Experiments were carried out on medium meadow steppe virgin solonetzes . Working conditions characterized by low humidity and high hardness of the soil. Humidity layer 0-50 cm was varied from 9  to 10 % , and hardness - from 3 to 7 MPa.

Investigations were carried out in two stages. The first step compares models with rotating working bodies with a vertical axis of rotation and rotational deep loosening  paws working bodies with a horizontal axis of rotation defined by flat cutting front paws. In both cases conducted compacting . The first - a sleek, second - rod rink.

Vertical rotor diameter is 0.9 m and a rotor with a horizontal axis of rotation - 0.55 m. Mounting depth for both versions on average is 0.16 m , the number of blades on the disk z = 4 .

According to the degree of crumbling soil ( 70% level ) option " flat cutter + cutter with horizontal axis of rotation " satisfies the requirements of agro-technical unit at speeds up to 1.71 m / s , while the vertical rotation rate - at 0,8-0 , 9 m / s ( see table) . Advantage of the embodiment of active working with a horizontal axis of rotation is observed according to the content of the upper layer (0-5 cm) erosion-prone soil particles.

Specific energy workflow execution layout  is " flat cutter + cutter with horizontal rotation axis + rod rink" is about 2 times smaller than the one for " vertical rotary working bodies " and the translational speed of the unit is 2 times more . Consequently, the kA on their quality and energy performance of the most promising is the layout tools , made on a " paw + flat cutting mill with horizontal rotation axis + rod rink ."

At the second stage of the research were carried out comparative tests variants of working bodies, consistently mounted on a common frame ( var. Table 3b . ) .

Table - Qualitative and energy performance options for working bodies layered soil treatment

 

№ variant

Variant of tool

Speed of movement

м/s

Speed ​​milling drum

Fb/min

Processing depth h, cm

Power milling Nb, kW / m

Towing capacity NT, kW / m

The total capacity of the unit Na, kW / m

Specific work unit ha Oudh, Dzh/dm3

Degree of crumbling soil K,%

Spraying  (DEP)%

1

Vertical rotary working bodies + smooth roller

0,79

0,88

269

215

16,6

16,4

37,2

33,7

2,4

2,6

39,6

36,3

30,2

25,2

81,6

86,3

29,7

29,8

2

Flat cutting paws + mill with a horizontal axis of rotation of  rod rink

1,24

1,52

1,71

260

262

251

16,3

17,2

15,9

14,5

12,8

16,8

14,9

19,0

22,2

29,4

31,8

39,0

50,7

59,8

57,0

83,4

73,3

71,7

19,9

15,5

11,3

3

Flat cutting paws + mill with horizontal rotation axis + paws RSN -2, 9 + Chisels RSN -2, 9 + rod rink

0,83

0,7

202

177

32,3

32,7

15,0

14,1

33,1

30,1

46,1

44,2

18,4

19,3

72,0

75,5

 

4

Flat cutting paws + mill with horizontal rotation axis + paws RSN -2, 0 + rod rink

1,04

1,19

1,14

235

226

176

30,0

31,0

31,0

13,4

13,2

13,2

35,9

38,7

39,9

49,3

51,9

53,1

15,8

14,1

15,0

77,6

69,0

77,1

16,8

6,4

13,4

5

Flat cutting paws + mill with horizontal rotation axis + + rod racks SibIME rink

1,38

214

34,5

8,3

47,6

55,9

11,7

79,0

23,9

6

Vertical rotary working bodies + legs RSN-2.9 + smooth roller

0,86

257

30,5

36,8

34,5

71,4

27,2

70,4

28,0

 

 

Mounting depth processing for all variants was 30-34 cm analysis of results shows that the total cost of power to perform the process and specific energy is the best fourth option - " + flat cutter paws cutter with horizontal rotation axis + paws RSN - 2, 9 + rod rink . " Constructive- technological scheme implements ( with scoring paws SibIME ) although it has the lowest energy consumption for layered soil treatment , but proved unworkable due to slip guns.

According to the degree of soil crumbling, all the options satisfy agro-technical requirements , content erosion dangerous particles in the upper layer is least with work of layouts by rod rink.

Conclusion

On agro-technical and energy performance of the most efficient design- technological scheme implements the following combination of working bodies and their arrangement :

- For surface treatment - " flat cutting paws + cutter with horizontal rotation axis + rod roller ";

- For layered treatment - " flat cutting paws + cutter with horizontal rotation axis + paws RON- 2, 9 + rod rink ."

 

Literature

1. Postoyalko K, Kirdyaykin A. Intensification of forage production in northern regions of Kazakhstan . - Alma -Ata : Kynar , 1982.

2 . Mickle V, Asanbaev I, Kisliakof L. Cultivation and other forage crops on saline lands ( a practical guide ) . - Alma -Ata : Kynar , 1984 . - P.92 .

3 . Verveyn K, K Zhulamanov. Rationale for structural and technological tools for schem combined layer tillage / / improvement of tillage equipment agribusiness agriculture virgin . - Alma -Ata , 1989 . - P.26- 30.