Экономические науки/1. Банки и банковская система

Master of 1 course of the Institute of World Economy and Finance

Bokova Natalia

Volgograd State University, Russia

Regional aspect of interaction of banking system and real sector in Russia

The banking system plays an important role in the economy of any state, it allows you to accumulate and invest financial resources of all the other sectors of the economy in accordance with supply and demand, provides commodity flows through the cash.

In the last decade in Russia, there have been major changes in the banking system and the economy as a whole. In the field of budgetary relations ever greater role for the regions, the state of the activity is aimed at the development of self-sufficiency of the individual subjects of the federation, in the first place, from a financial point of view. In this regard, the role of regional economic development, drawing on their own resources that can not be imagined without a developed regional banking system.

The subjects of this system (commercial banks and non-bank credit organizations) play an important role in the financial system of the region, with the formation of a regional banking system is largely dependent on the economic potential of the region itself.

So, in an economically weak region, commercial banks have difficulty in the formation of statutory funds required to meet the needs of the region in credit resources. In this situation, there is the need to unite the banks. In areas with strong economic potential created by joint-stock commercial banks, to invest their capital in the joint-stock banks weak regions, turning them into their branches [1, p. 54].

In particular, it is important to the interaction of banks with the actors of the real economy, that this is a priority for Russia, including in connection with the raw material orientation of our economy.

Consequently, the sustainability of economic growth to a large extent dependent on the activation of bank lending to the real sector of the economy at the regional level, thus expanding economic ties, cooperation with other regions and countries can be considered as one of the decisive factors in the successful self-regions.

Currently, the regional banking system includes the following elements:

- The territorial office of the Central Bank of Russia;

- Regional branches of the Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs;

- Commercial banks headquartered in the territory of the region, and their branches operating in the area;

- Branches of commercial banks from other regions;

- Branches and representative offices of foreign banks;

- Non-bank credit organizations.

The activities of all these elements makes it possible to realize the most important functions of the banking system: firstly, the payment system management in the region; secondly, the transformation of savings into investments; Third, the banking system is the conductor of the monetary policy of the Central Bank.

The basis for optimizing the interaction of the banking system and economy of the region is to achieve a certain level of development of the first and second. On the one hand, the pace of development of the banking activities affect the regional overall economic conditions, on the other hand, the degree of development of the banking sector determines the economic level of the region. [3]

Thus, the banking system is inextricably linked to the economies of the region, and they have on each other mutual influence.

In general, the factors and the interaction of the economic sector of the banking system can be divided into macro factors and microenvironments. At the macro level, such cooperation depends on scientific and technological progress, the general state of the economy (inflation, tax system, the budget deficit, the income level of the population and unemployment rates, monetary policy, national currency) and political factors (primarily on legislation).

At the micro level, these factors affect both sides. So, by the impact of the economy of the region is provided by:

- The general state of the economy (growth in production volumes, the dynamics of bankruptcies of enterprises and so on.);

- The financial condition of individual actors in the region;

- The need for financial and credit services;

- The degree of confidence in the banking system entities.

On the part of the banking system on its interaction with the economies in the region, the following factors:

- The general condition of the banking system (the degree of development of financial infrastructure, the dynamics of bankruptcy or withdrawal of licenses of commercial banks, banking sector stability, etc.);

- The level of competition between the actors of the banking system;

- The level of concentration of the banking capital;

- Resource supply (availability and adequacy of equity capital, skills, etc.);

- Costs of carrying out certain operations;

- The risk of interaction with the subjects of the regional economy (credit risk, interest rate risk interaction with innovative enterprises, etc..).

Thus, for successful cooperation between the banking sector and regional economies must have:

- Demand and economic feasibility;

- Sufficient resources;

- A certain level of development of science and technology in the industry;

- Matching the subject of the life cycle of the regional economy and the banking system of the subject.

General positive result (effect) of the financial interaction between banks and businesses are scaling up, acceleration of capital accumulation, technical and technological renovation of production and service delivery process and maintain the expanded production. The lack of such cooperation can become a reason for the decline in business activity in the region, a slowdown in production, disruption of the normal reproduction process.

To date, banks are not willing to cooperate with small businesses on their starting point, the most difficult and critical for them. Although foreign practice shows that cooperation in the initial stages of small business development not only real, but also mutually beneficial. Small businesses, in cooperation with banks could from the very beginning of its activity to learn to plan their activities, analyze the market, manage cash flow, and to assess their actual situation correctly.

Bibliography

1.             1. Gorshkova N.V., Lebedeva N.N. /Interaction of the state and society in the system of tax relations in the Russian Federation//. Gorshkova N.V., Lebedeva N.N. Bulletin of Volgograd State University. Series 3. Economics. Ecology, 2014, № 2 (21), s.245-251

2. Voronov A. S., Kruglov V. N. Prospects of cluster development of innovative economy of the regions. /A. S. Voronov, V. N. Kruglov// Regional economy: theory and practice. – 2014. – No. 25. – S. 26-32.

3. Kruglov V. N., Leontiev L. S. the problem of enhancing the innovation capacity of the regional level. /L. S. Leontiev, V. N. Kruglov// Audit and financial analysis. – 2014. – No. 5. pp. 310-315.

4. Kruglov V. N., Mayorov, M. A. Organizational and managerial innovations in the use of land in agriculture. /V. N. Kruglov, M. A. Mayorova// Economics and entrepreneurship. – 2014. – № 12 (4) – S. 231 -237.