Экономические науки/1. Банки и банковская система

Master of 1 course of the Institute of World Economy and Finance

Bokova Natalia

Volgograd State University, Russia

Quantitative risk assessment as a tool effective management of the enterprise budget

In scientific studies the financial risk is usually identified with the possible loss of the commercial organization in the course of carrying out its business activities. Another approach relates the financial risks with probability of deviation from the required or desired result. With the help of mathematical and probabilistic analysis Statistical methods set Valuation possible deviation from the planned value of income, which can be either positive or negative.

Financial risk probabilistic characterization of events that may lead to losses, lost revenues, or, on the contrary, obtaining additional income as a result of conscious action of a commercial organization or by external and internal factors in an uncertain economic environment.

For effective management of financial risks is necessary systematization on various grounds, which allows to combine risk subsets of the group.

For more accurate risk classification presented a number of criteria that must be satisfied by the system of financial risks:

- Adherence to the objectives of the specific organization of the bank. Commercial banks, along with a profit ensure the safety of financial funds and assets received from customers for storage or transferred to the management;

- Related to the regulation, that is, division of risks into external and internal. In contrast to the external risks, management of which is difficult or impossible, internal risks can be minimized and even eliminated;

- Compliance with the conditions of the banking operations (time, ensuring the currency of payment, the ratio of lending to large and small borrowers, shareholders and insiders);

- The acceptability of the risk of the system for further control and monitoring;

- The separation of financial risks as belonging to active or passive operations of banks and certain business units.

A recognized authority in the practice of classification of financial risks banks act auditorskiekie international companies operating in accordance with the recommendations of the Basel Banking Supervision Committee. An example is the risk map offered by Pricewaterhouse Coopers. In the classification disclosed six basic kinds of risks (credit, market, portfolio concentration risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, business events), each of which are allocated subspecies (of 24) and the variety of risks.

The advantage of this approach lies in the simplicity and coverage of all sides of the commercial structure activities. All the banks, of course, inherent in balance and off-balance sheet risks, the risks of loan products and external risks, but the combination of them, the main areas of action, measures and priorities formed in different ways, depending on the specialization of banks (inter-bank or consumer finance, investment, foreign trade) .

Given the nature of the activities of individual commercial banks of Kazakhstan, as a basis for the classification of six basic types of risk taken. Sheathe Bank in the context of the aggregate financial risks complements the risk map, taking into account the specifics of its activities as a credit institution and highlights the specific risk indicators (source, object bearing the risk, and the object perceived risk) that allows you to efficiently manage the risks identified.

By controlling the identified risks, the bank establishes a balance between profitability and riskiness of transactions, support liquidity of banking assets at an acceptable level, to optimize the amount of profit, solves the problem of meeting the standards of capital adequacy.

bank's risk management system performs methodological, analytical, regulatory and control functions, the implementation of which takes place in the following phases of the management of financial risks:

1. Identification of risk and determining its causes through a comprehensive analysis of banking operations at risk;

2. Quantitative assessment of the identified risks and the potential loss of market risks using methods of calculation;

3. Development of risk acceptance decisions or reject it;

4. Implementation of the regulatory impacts on the relevant risk management practices (monitoring, the establishment of intra-standards and limits);

5. Organization of control over the size of the received financial risk of loss levels, compliance with established standards and limits.

In a developed banking system, a major source of cover the costs and losses of the bank is its capital, whose main increase is due to the profit, but not at the expense of sources. In this regard, Kazakhstan's commercial banks are forced to develop their own methodology for assessing the financial condition of the partners, which they, however, do not treasure competitors.

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