ART-THERAPY AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING CHILDREN'S CREATIVITY

Iskakova Zh.G., Kazakhstan,

Almaty, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University

Resume

This article is based on the importance of primary school pupils’ creativity development. Also the art-therapy are shown. It’s designed for the growth of pupils’ creativity. The article reviews major points and levels of research in the development of creativity of the pupils.

Key words: creativity, art-therapy, self-development, self-knowledge

Post-industrial stage of development of society imposes new quality requirements for the person, necessitates the formation of a successful, communicative, creative, bright personality. Formation of creative activity of the person having the ability to deal effectively with the problems of life outside the box, laid in the early school years and is a condition for the further development of the individual, its successful creative activity. The problem of development of creative abilities of younger schoolboys seen in domestic trials K.Zh.Kozhahmetova, K.Ostemirov, B.A.Almuhambetov, S.A.Zholdasbekova, H.K.Shalgynbaeva, S.N.Zhienbaeva, M.A.Kudaykulov, B.A.Turgynbaeva, M.H.Kalamkaliev and others. In these studies, reveals the essence of the concept of "creativity", presented especially in the development of creative abilities of younger school age. A significant contribution to the flow creative problem made and foreign researchers (De Bono, J. Guilford., A. Maslow, C. Coppersmith, Mae R., A. Rotenberg, M. Rohrbach, A. Tannenbaum, Torrence EP, F Rushton ., J. Renzulli., K. Rogers, Rogers, N., R. Sternberg, J. Feldhyuzen. Heller, K. et al.) [1].

The researchers emphasize the likelihood of psycho-pedagogical management of informative activity of younger schoolboys in order to foster creativity. For this purpose, psychological and educational literature offered a valuable tool in the activities of an educational institution - art therapy. This technique helps to meet the needs of the individual self-expression, self-knowledge and self-development.

Creativity - one of the most important general scientific problems currently under study at the philosophical, cultural, educational, individual psychological, social and psychological levels.

Creativity is one of the major mysteries of the psychology of personality and its development.

The idea of "creative" in the most general form is the development of new, original, better material and spiritual sense, having the objective or subjective value.

Erich Fromm narrows thought to defining it as "the ability to be surprised and to learn, the ability to find an answer in unusual situations, focus is not the discovery of a new and deeper capacity for the development of its expertise", stressing not the result of the quality and characteristics and processes, activating the creative productivity [2].

Creative abilities are a special type of generalized skills, combining cognitive, motivational, and communicative part.

It should also be remembered that, under the creative ability to understand something that is not related to knowledge, skills and abilities, but allows their rapid acquisition, consolidation and use in practice.

A feature of the procedure of development of creative abilities of children of primary school age in the social and cultural institutions is that the classes are available for children in their spare time and deployed on a background of free choice, voluntary participation, selectivity students their educational path, mode, level, and the final result. This specificity is reflected in the need to construct in the educational program of special techniques of creative cooperation, joint productive activity of the teacher-divided and baby and children's association, methods of active and intensive training. The decision of creative tasks in cooperation with the teacher changes the psychological part of the educational process as a whole, as a system of internal stimulation of a wide range of interactions, relationships, communication between all participants (like being with everyone carries a common cause, satisfied ambition, manifested pride in themselves and others).

Creative abilities of younger schoolboys in the socio-cultural institutions shaped in various creative circles: shops, clubs soft toys, woodwork, technical workshops, mugs sewing, knitting, amateur, etc. Given that the younger students more perform for the first time in his life, at the organization. creative activities necessary phasing requirements of reasonableness in the organization of work, the accuracy of the assessment made and the checks carried out.

Creative mug promotes self-affirmation and self-expression of personality in his spare time. Work in circles is built on the principle of voluntariness, so its content largely corresponds to the individual aspirations of children of primary school age.

Thus, the primary school age - the beginning of school life. Entering it, the child acquires the internal position of the schoolboy, learning motivation. Educational activity is leading to it. During this period, the child develops theoretical thinking; it receives new knowledge, skills - creating the necessary framework for the whole of his subsequent training.

Art therapy is an interdisciplinary approach that combines different areas of expertise - psychology, medicine, pedagogy, cultural studies, etc. It acts as a source of artistic practice, because in the course of art therapy lessons clients involved in representational activities. Art therapist to persuade the customer to interact with the art materials and products, so that art therapy process is a form of dialogue ". Customers can use the material as they wish provided to them, seeking in the presence of an art therapist to express in graphic paper their thoughts and feelings ... [3]

Art-therapy, as well as any other form of psychotherapy aimed at understanding the unconscious psychic material, as well as on the development of creative abilities. Art therapists are deeply understand the features of the development of fine art, possess skills of non-verbal, symbolic communication, and strive to create a work environment in which he could feel safe enough to express strong emotions. Art therapy - a direction associated with the use of the patient (client) of different graphic materials and the creation of visual images, the process fine arts and human reactions to the products created by their creative activity, reflecting the peculiarities of his mental development, abilities, personality traits, interests, difficulties and conflicts.

Despite the close relationship with the medical practice of art therapy in many cases, it has mostly socializing, develop and psychoprophylactic focus, so it can be a valuable tool in the work of educational institutions, rehabilitation projects and social work.

Art therapy resource, since it is located outside the everyday stereotypes, and thus extends the life experience adds a belief in their abilities. The better the person is able to express himself, the more completely it feeling unique personality. art therapy forms a creative attitude to life with its problems, the ability to see a variety of ways and means to achieve the goal, develops latent talent is still the creative solving complex tasks of life.

Being in the creative space, the child receives the probability of expression, resulting in the improvement occurring in his emotional and behavioral areas. Art Therapy atmosphere contributes to the discovery of a child of its potential, which also leads to positive results of psychological support. Important natural predisposition of the child to the game activity, the pursuit of fantasy. Taking this into account in the organization of correctional work with elements of art therapy in the classroom creates an atmosphere of the game and creativity [4].

Thus, art therapy is to date one of the main ways of development of creative abilities.Having considered art therapy as a way of development of creative abilities, let us consider the features of the development of creative abilities in primary school age.

Creativity - is the individual characteristics of human qualities that determine the success of the performance of the creative activities of various kinds. At the heart of the creative faculties of man are the processes of thinking and imagination. Therefore, the main directions of development of creative abilities in primary school age are:

1. Development of productive creative imagination, which is characterized by qualities such as wealth produced images and focus.

2. Development of thinking qualities that form the creativity; such qualities are associative, dialectical and systemic thinking.

One effective means of development of creative abilities of younger schoolboys is art therapy, which is a system of actions.

As well as an element of art - therapy, we offer a quilling technique as a means of formation of children's creativity. Quilling technique is to wrap and modeling spomo¬schyu special tool or toothpicks, paper strips width of a few milli¬metrov. Classes Quilling - the development of motor skills, imagination, attention, thinking, aesthetics, as well as the opportunity to realize their creative potential.

Tasks quilling techniques:

Educational:

• To familiarize the children with the basic concepts and basic forms of quilling.

• To teach different techniques of working with paper.

• Create the ability to follow oral instructions.

• To familiarize the children with the basic concepts of geometry: circle, square, triangle, angle, side, top and etc.

• To develop the child's Glossary.

• Create a composition with the products made in quilling techniques

Developmental:

ü To develop attention, memory, logic and spatial imagination.

ü To develop fine motor skills and hand eye estimation.

ü To develop artistic taste, creativity and imagination of children.

ü To develop in children the ability to work with your hands, accustomed to the exact movements of the fingers, develop fine motor skills of hands, develop a good eye.

ü To develop spatial imagination.

Educative:

Ø Educate interest in the art of quilling.

Ø Forming work culture and improve work skills.

Ø Contribute to the creation of game situations, enhance communication skills of children.

Ø To improve work skills, build a work culture, learning accuracy, and the ability to use the material carefully and sparingly to keep in order the workplace [5].

Thus, creativity - the creation on the basis of what is, what was not. It is the individual psychological characteristics of the child, which are independent of intelligence and are manifested in the children's fantasy, imagination, special vision of the world, his point of view on the surrounding reality. The level of creativity is considered to be the higher, the more originality characterized the creative result.

Bibliography:

1. Matyushkina A.M. Development of creative activity of students [Text] / A.M. Matyushkina // Pedagogy, 1991.- 155 p.

2. Levin M. 365 funny lessons of work [Text] / M. Levin // Iris Press, 1999.-256 p.

3. Glickman I.Z. Theory and methods of education [Text] / IZ Glickman // M .: VLADOS, 2002.-176 p.

4. M.R. L’vov. Development of creative activity of pupils at Russian lessons [Text] / M.R. L’vov // Elementary School - 1993.- № 1.- 21-26 pp.

5. A.A.Zaytseva. "Quilling: new idea for creativity" - M.: Exmo, 2011. - 95 p.

Түйіндеме

Мақалада бастауыш сынып оқушыларының шығармашылығын дамытудың маңыздылығы негізделген. Сонымен қатар, оқушылардың шығармашылығын дамытуға бағытталған арт-терапияның мазмұны ұсынылған. Оқушының бойында шығармашылық қабілеттіліктерін дамытудың өзектілігі мен зерттелу деңгейі қарастырылған.

Түйін сөздер: шығармашылық, жасампаз тұлға, арт-терапия, өзін-өзі дамыту, өзін-өзі тану.

Резюме

Статья основана на важности развития творчества учащихся начальных классов. Так же здесь представлено содержание арт-терапии, направленное на развитие творчества у учеников. Рассмотрены актуальность и уровень исследования в развитии творческих способностей школьника.

Ключевые слова: творчество, созидательность, арт-терапия, саморазвитие личности, самопознание.