HUMANE FEATURE OF SPIRITUAL-MORAL VALUES IN THE WORKS OF KAZAKH ENLIGHTENERS

Arinova B. A., candidate of Pedagogical sciences,

Department “Pedagogics and Education management”,

Gaibullayeva S. S., postgraduate student the Faculty of Philosophy and Political Science, al-Farabi KazNU

Annotation

This article is devoted of the idea of patriotism, humanism, and tolerance find their reflection not only in modern culture and literature, their beginning stretches from depth of verbal national creation. This theme finds its extension in creation and works of great poets: Abai Kunanbayev’s, Shakarim Kudaiberdiev, Shokan Valikhanov, Ybyray Altynsarin. In Abay Kunanbayev’s poems and manuals the humanism motive became predominant. He became on the party to protect of destitute, called to humanism and charity. In XX century to the topic of humanism famous Kazakh poets, enlighteners, public figures, such as Alikhan Bokeyhanov Ahmet Baitursynov, Mirzhakyp Dulatov Seitkali Mendesh, Jusipbek Aymauytov, Sultanmakhmut Toraigyrov addressed. The theme of humanism, tolerance and patriotism remain important for rising generation nowadays.

Key words: humanism, idea, value, morals, self-knowledge, spirituality, patriotism.

Аңдатпа

Мақалада рухани-адамгершілік құндылықтардың ізгілік ретіндегі мәні ашылып, олардың ұрпақ тәрбиесіндегі орны туралы айтылады. ХІХ ғасырдағы ағартушылар Шоқан Уәлиханов, Ыбырай Алтынсарин, Абай Құнанбаев және Шәкәрім мұраларындағы ізгілік идеяларының адам өміріндегі орнына назар аударылады. Абай Құнанбаев шығармаларындағы, соның ішінде оның поэмалары мен қара сөздеріндегі адам мәселесі, жақсы адам болу қағидаларының халықты мейірімділікке, қайырымдылыққа шақыратын гумандық сипаты айқындалады. Сонымен қатар бұл тақырыпқа ХХ ғасырдағы қоғам қайраткерлері Әлихан Бөкейханов, Ахмет Байтұрсынов, Міржақып Дулатов, Жүсіпбек Аймауытов, Сұлтанмахмұт Торайғыров және т.б. ақын, жазушы, аудармашы, саясаткер, басқа ғылым салаларынан қалам тартқан ойшылдардың ұлтжандылық тақырыбының маңыздылығы гумандық тұрғысынан сипатталады.

Түйін сөздер: ізгілік, идея, құндылық, адамгершілік, өзін-өзі тану, руханилық, ұлтжандылық, гуманизм.

Аннотация

Данная статья посвящается идеи патриотизма, гуманизма и толерантности находят свое отражение не только в современной культуре и литературе, их начало тянется из глубин устного народного творчества. Эта тема находит свое продолжение в творчестве великих акынов, в произведениях известных народу просветителей: Абая Кунанбаева, Шакарима Кудайбердиева, Чокана Валиханова, Ибрая Алтынсарина. В поэмах и наставлениях Абая Кунанбаева мотив гуманизма стал преобладающим. Он стал на стороне в защиту обездоленных, призвал к гуманизму и милосердию. В ХХ веке теме гуманизма обращались видные казахские поэты, просветители, общественные деятели, как Алихан Бокейханов, Ахмет Байтурсынов, Миржакып Дулатов, Сейткали Мендешев, Жусипбек Аймауытов, Султанмахмут Торайгыров. Тема гуманизма, толерантности и патриотизма остаются важными для подрастающего поколения и в наши дни.

Ключевые слова: гуманизм, идея, ценность, нравственность, самопознание, духовность, патриотизм.

Problem of kindness was always topical at all times in human society. Spiritual development of individual is a development of his social, humane values. Since spirituality is aimed at the universal human, virtuous values it contains such qualities as love, responsibility, honesty, mercy, compassion, and so on.

The value consists of two parts: objective and subjective. Subject values are the need things, social good, cultural heritage rooted for centuries, the embodiment of good and bad deeds of people.

Human values in a person of the same type with such concepts as humanity, benevolence, morality and humanity. Humanity takes the roots of practical human life is born and develops together with the emergence of customs and traditions.

The human value - the measure of human quality. His desire for goodness, compassion for others, gratitude to surrounding people, searching for the meaning of life, self-knowledge - a knowledge of the world. Unlike other assets (national values, wealth, religious values, social values, political values, moral values, aesthetic values, and others.) spiritual values of humanity seek to national, political, religious and other independent cognition and it is the cornerstone of human civilization. Any value as a philosophical category gives you to know the right and useful side of life [1. p 78].

Human values, spiritual values, spiritual and humanist values are divided into types and are classified in the works of philosophers and educators.

In half of the 19th century, Kazakh scientists Abay, Ybyrai, Shokan spread Enlightenment ideas and dedicated their life to good democratic goals. They stood their ground firmly to improve the lives of their people, to learn to read and write, learn the material and spiritual values of other people. Environmental truth - social inequality, journalists, and thinkers have known as a form of evil, and established their innovative ideas as the foundation of enlightenment. The views of the enlightenment humanist developed in the context of a human society. The great thinkers who have achieved success in the self-knowledge of the people were able to learn and to point out deficiencies that would prevent nation in the future.

Herald a new time of awakening for the people of the national consciousness Shokan Valikhanov his entire socio-political and educational service dedicated to the fight against ignorance, illiteracy, religious fanaticism, and the foundation of his humanistic ideas was the disclosure of false and "wild" as local and imperial officials with the help of human values and concepts such as "honor", "justice", "duty".

Not only the poet, master of artistic expression, social activist Ybyrai Altynsarin was a real humanist. His thoughts and dreams wanted to embody not only in word but in deed. "Proceedings, articles, letters Ybyray Altynsarin shows his humanistic view of the world, and they were written with an experienced determining imagination" [2 p.108] - a view of the philosopher D.Kishibekov again asserts that the enlightenment humanist was able to make a reality of their own ideas that were far from the truth and the life.

The spiritual world of human being for the humanist and poet Abay - a great power. Poet in its forty-fifth word of edification says: "The beginning of humanity - love and justice. They present in everything and decide everything. It - the crown of creation of the Most High ... The whom dominated the feelings of love and justice, the - wise one - scientist" [3, p 380]. Saying that peculiar inner "I" person, he lets you know that the multifaceted phenomenon and convey the feeling of love as the real anthropological concept. The meaning of human life is measured with a sense of love. Love - is unlimited term for thinker. It does not proved by any formula, and it is independent of the patterns of life. Diversity of natural nature of love is always to be confirmed in the words of edification Abay.

Trust and love of man is the foundation of human and ethical values of Abai. The exaltation of good relations not only between relatives, but to all of humanity shows a high level of knowledge of Abai. It - shows the character of the eternal spirit of the noble man.

His noble thoughts as well as Ybyrai and Shohan, Abay left a viable edifying words and verses. The search continues the tradition of enlightenment was given to the heroic deeds of public figures 20th century. Poet, translator, writer, politician, and other thinker humanists such as Alikhan Bokeyhanov Ahmet Baitursynov, Mirzhakyp Dulatov Seitkali Mendesh, Jusipbek Aymauytov, Sultanmakhmut Toraigyrov, Shakarim Kudaiberdiev placed above the national interest and the fate of the nation above their personal views.

The moral consciousness of the person of the terms "soul spirit" in the works of Shakarim Kudayberdiuly - the meaning of life, intended place of man in this life, to develop a sense consider themselves as part of his people, to feel responsible to the family, are honored to perform civil and moral duty and other occasions thoughts gives us to understand that the spiritual human qualities and his holistic formation arises from the harmony of body and soul [4, p21].

So virtue - is the main component of the value of the relationship between people, between man and the universe, is the attitude that requires the highest degree of responsibility of mankind. Everyone who strives for something good, who wants to do good can raise confidence and develop human values. And all of our moral qualities, transmitted to us from our ancestors, are relevant not only in the past, but today and in the future. That is why the moral character of them, they will be the value of each day to thrive.

In short, all these people's values, deep thinking in the work of scientists and teachers of the Kazakh people is a big school, that every person passing unconsciously becomes the path of virtue.

References:

1. Shakarimova K.K. Pedagogical conditions in the formation of spiritual values among the upper classes. Habarshy. Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abai. Series: "Teaching science" .- 2008.-№1.-P.77-80.

2. Bektaev K. Big Kazakh-Russian dictionary. - Almaty Gylym 2001.

3. Abai Kunanbayev. Okinishti cop Omir Ketken otip, poems, and words of edification - Almaty: Rarity, 2008. 384 S.- library "Altyn kor".

4. Introduction to the subject "self-knowledge". Tutorial. - Almaty: Bobek, 2006. -S.148.