Master of law Ashirmuhamedova K. T.
Student Sheraliyeva B.S.
Taraz State University name after M. Kh. Dulati,
Kazakhstan
Historical
inevitability of international economic integration.
In terms of internationalization of the world economy growing dependence of
each national economy on external factors. This is confirmed by the growth of
world trade, capital investment levels abroad, intensification of international
labor migration. Obviously, this stems from the fact that the external economic
factors mitigate (or even eliminate) of the contradictions in the national
economy, enabling more efficient to combine internal and external opportunities
for efficient management and economic development. As a result, formed a
diverse and stable economic relations (primarily industrial, financial, foreign
trade, etc.), which displays the reproduction process outside of the national
economy and the resulting weave with factors of production other economies, can
improve their economic efficiency. Another group of authors considers
integration as the establishment of a single economy multinational with a
single reproduction process instead of national economies, ie, as a result of
the process. Still others believe that the integration should be viewed in two
ways: as an economic category and as a process. We believe that the latter
approach is the most productive. However, integration should be seen not as a
process of rapprochement, merging, etc., as well as the process of creating the
state of conditions for effective functioning of national economies due to
their rapprochement, cooperation, splices. The validity of this approach is
proved by the evolution of the forms of integration, which will be discussed
below.[1]
It is important to determine the IEI as an economic category. The fact that
the merger of national economies formed integration associations of various
types that become independent subjects of foreign economic relations. Their
relationships with the external economic relations of the partners are part of
the international economic relations, the nature of which is different from the
similar relations of individual states. As an economic category IEI - is a
special kind of international economic relations of regional economic groupings
and each member with each other and with third partners in the production,
distribution, exchange and consumption of the product in integration group and
beyond aimed at improving the efficiency of the reproduction process, each
participant and combining all the whole. These relationships in their
development subject to the general laws of economics and its own internal
logic, which consists in the elimination of contradictions of different nature
within the national economies, national economies and the integration grouping,
and finally between the national economies, grouping as a whole and third
countries. However, the need for determining the IEI as an economic category is
evident. It allows you to identify and take into account the new dimensions of
such a complex, controversial events in the world economy, which has a huge
impact on the social, cultural, political and other relations within and
between states and to open its economic substance.[2]
International economic integration may take different forms. Their
classification in the economic literature is based on the degree of
completeness and maturity in dealing with various problems. States form them in
order to expand markets for goods, capital and labor due to the liberalization
of movement on the territory included in the zone of the States, in particular
in foreign trade are removed customs formalities and customs duties. The second
form of the IEI - the Customs Union (CU). The TC states conduct common foreign
trade policy, as well as the movement of capital and labor policy in relation
to third countries, allowing them to remove customs barriers between them. The
result is a relatively common economic space. A single domestic rate is replaced
by an agreed external tariff. All participants receive a prize in the form of growth
of labor productivity, economy of scale and the elimination of customs and
other costs of control over foreign economic relations. Partners in regional
integration economic grouping can act on the international scene as a single
unit. The production and consumption patterns occur progressive changes. The TC
collectively regulated commodity flows, the resulting price, reoriented
resources in accordance with the efficiency of their use, in accordance with
the classical theory of comparative advantage. In this form of integration is
already there is a need in the creation of supra-national (intergovernmental)
bodies, which transferred part of the external economic sovereignty in foreign
policy, industrial policy is reviewed in each country, coordinated the
development of individual industries at the macroeconomic level. Accordingly
occur more or less substantial withdrawal of national sovereignty. The
liberalization process is increasingly involved products of the agrarian
sector, the service sector. This means that the role of customs barriers
provided by the customs union, is impaired and the vehicle lost protective
equipment.[3]
At this stage, the integration of the unification of tax, financial, labor
legislation of all participating countries. International experience shows the
creation of a common market - the process is very long and does not end, but
only begins with his proclamation. His goal is to unify the market, to
harmonize the system of norms and standards in the production of goods, to establish
general rules regulating the market and the development of joint industrial and
tax policies to reconcile economy and ensure their interpenetration and
merging. It is believed that this is the most mature form of integration, which
allows gradually neutralize the perceived discrepancies between the current
market rate of national currency, and thus to introduce a single currency. As a
result of enhanced mutual financial, fiscal, structural and others. Policy, and
there is a need of a supra-national coordination and cooperation, and in some
areas a joint policy and an effective tool for this. The winner is the argument
that economic union usually brings to its participants much greater economic
benefits than losses, and it makes the state value their participation in the
integration association. A possible conclusion of economic integration can
become political integration - the creation of multi-ethnic entity in the form
of federation or confederation, which stands in international economic
relations with one voice and represents the interests of association members. In
modern foreign literature, forms of integration are often regarded as its
stages. To us it is not quite correct. Indeed, the economic union (common market)
is a product of the evolution of the two previous forms. they can exist
independently and remains the prerogative of each state what form the
association will choose it in turn.[4]
Literature:
1. Jovanovich, М. International Economic Integration. Limits and
Prospects. Second edition, 1998, Routledge.
2. Dalimov R.T. Modelling international economic integration: an oscillation
theory approach. Trafford, Victoria 2008, 234 p.
3. Dalimov R.T. The dynamics of the trade creation and diversion effects under
international economic integration, Current Research Journal of Economic
Theory, 2009, vol. 1, issue 1; www.maxwellsci.com
4. Johnson, H. Optimal Trade Intervention in the Presence of Domestic
Distortions, in Baldwin et al., Trade Growth and the Balance of Payments,
Chicago, Rand McNally, 1965, pp. 3–34.