Madalieva Z.B., Iskakova G.B.

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University,

Almaty city, Kazakhstan.

FEATURES MANIFESTATIONS OF VIABILITY AT YOUTHFUL AGE

The article describes features manifestations of viability at youthful age. A modern society is experiencing serious social, economic, moral and spiritual changes that affect various spheres of human activity. This results in an overall reduction in feelings of safety. In these conditions actualized problems with decision of difficult situations. These issues are relevant it is in youthful age, as they face challenges associated with the adoption of a new role in society, and self-determination in the profession, because self-determination, both personal and professional - a characteristic feature of the youth.

Key words: viability, commitment, self-development, social integration, challenge.

The period of youthful age in the development of personality by Elkonin (15-19 years), is the socio-psychological beginning of the independent and adult life. New age stage of youth is considered the "third world" that exists between childhood and adulthood [1].

The social situation of the development of personality in youth is characterized primarily by the fact that at this age necessary independently (autonomously) choose the work activity and define its place in society. In this regard, changing social demands to the young men and women are changing the social conditions in which happening formation of their personality: it is time to choose the way of life, education, work in the chosen specialty and creating your family.

Young people in the modern period of socio-economical and political development of our country, found themselves in the conditions of instability of public consciousness and destruction of spiritual values. That is, in the current time period is not defined limit for - the social, professional and personal self-determination.Therefore, to young people it is very difficult to identify and understand the rules of adulthood. From here - confusion in the mind and insecurity among many persons of youthful age, as there is not only a quantitative increase in the range of conventional (social) roles and interests, but also a qualitative change in their [2].

In the modern period of social development on youthful age stage there are more "adult" social roles, with the consequent greater measure of self-sufficiency and social responsibility. The leading activities in youth is an educational and professional activities. Social motives related to the future, are beginning to actively encourage educational activities, and consequently, the main motive of cognitive activity in youth is the desire to acquire socially significant profession. The psychological basis for professional self-determination in youth is primarily a social need young people to take an adult position, that is, to realize itself as a member of society, to define itself in the world, to understand their place and purpose in life.

Another important factor which the amounts to the psychological basis of professional self-determination and ensures the willingness of youth to adulthood, is the presence of abilities and needs, which allow to realize themselves fully as possible in society, at work and in the future family life. This is, firstly, the need for communication and mastering the ways of interaction; Secondly, theoretical thinking and the ability to navigate in a variety of forms of theoretical knowledge (scientific, artistic, ethical) that serves as the basis of civil worldview and developed reflection, thirdly, the need in work and the ability to work, mastery of labor skills to engage in productive activities [3].

Scope of communication in youth is important for personal development. Communication with peers - a specific information channel, a special kind of interpersonal relationships, as well as one of the types of emotional contact. In a relationship with their peers, increased the value of individual contacts and affection. In youth becomes important and urgent search for like-minded partners in life and increases the need for cooperation with the people and strengthened ties with social group. By the end of youth age period end processes of human physical maturation occurs final hormonal changes accompanying puberty , which leads to increased sexual experiences. For the majority of young men and women is characterized by a sharp increase in interest in sexual matters, significant increase in sexual forms of behaviors.

Major mental neoplasms:

- Deep reflection;

- Developed awareness of their own personality;

- Self-development;

- Readiness to self-determination in the profession;

- Formation of specific life plans and their implementation;

- Gradual ingrowth (entry) in the various spheres of life and activity.

In youth there is a special dimension to the mental structure of consciousness, which is denoted by the term self-determination, which is characterized by the awareness of himself as a member of society and concretized in a new social positions. Also in the youth actively forming educational and professional interests, the need for labor, the ability to build life plans.

Emotional personality characteristics is also actively developed and become more complex, because youthful age is characterized by increased emotional excitability (imbalance, mood swings , anxiety). The development of emotion is closely linked to individual and personal qualities of man in youth, with his self-awareness and his self-esteem. All of this is determined by increasing personal control, self-management, a new stage in the development of intelligence and the discovery of his inner world. One of the most important psychological emotional characteristics of youth - self-assertion. Therefore, a significant difference between the "ideal self" and "Real Self" (Social Self ") observed in youth. The discovery of his inner world, emancipation from adults - one of the major acquisitions of youth, because it is in this period, the young man begins to perceive the outside world "through himself" [4].

As a result of studying the psychological characteristics of youth can be concluded that it is this age most susceptible to the crisis of individual life, which includes lack of implementation, the emptiness and the crisis of professional training. In these difficult circumstances, there are problems associated with the decision arising difficult life situations and events, so the study of the viability of a given age is relevant.

The model of individual development, offered by S. Muddy, includes the develop of viability and the way to develop a sense of subjectivity and consciousness. Two sides of the viability in the opinion of Muddy have motivational nature - it psychological and activity. We are interested in activity side, which involves actions aimed at coping with a stressful situation and constant care of their health.

These actions require a lot of time, effort, perseverance, discernment and responsibility for their own lives that provides the personal vitality.

Thus, the main problem is creating a social environment and conditions adaptability, the ability to effectively cope with the stress and low level of vitality, lack of the necessary skills of self-control, as well as the lack of knowledge on the use of the personal allowance and personal Potential.

The success of the solutions of life's problems depends on their general physical condition and energy Potential. Reduced energy potential negative impact on the ability to solve problems and to find a way out of stressful situations. In modern society, it demands a set of personal qualities to successfully integrate into the complex and devoid of sentimentality social environment. From the perspective of Rubinstein, a person is defined by its relation to the world, to the social environment, to other people. These relations are realized in the activities through which people learn and change the world .
To gain viability is necessary internal support - which is provided by the benevolent atmosphere in the family, small groups and other communities in which it is composed. Main quality defined as viability is expressed in the individual readiness for social integration and social flexibility.

Viability gives strength to overcome obstacles, develop skills, helps to show their best qualities, eliminating the uncertainty and pessimism, understanding life processes, it awakens self-esteem to people and to life in general. Modern psychology goes to the understanding of the person as a subject who actively creates his own life, because only a person as a subject of life has a freedom of choice. The viability of relying on individual personality characteristics (locus of control) is more pronounced in the ability to create personally meaningful sense in life and implement them in the context of the social situation [5].

The active life position, the ability to analyze and manage the life - the basis of self-development of the person as an individual, the rate of completeness and relevance of his life. Viability detects connection with life orientations as the highest level of personal fulfillment. This is due to the fact that this age period to form semantic sphere, life orientations as a communication system, reflecting the orientation of the person.

Viability - a property of the person, which allowing him not to succumb to anger or despair, hopelessness, when he does not get what he wanted. This property of the person defined as an important quality, includes the individual creativity, self-discipline, respect in relationships with people, cooperation, realization of collective goals and the desire to take up the case, no matter how difficult it may be.

References

1. El'konin D.B. Introduction to the development of psychology. - M.: "Trivola", 2003. - 168 p.

2. Kon I.S. Psychology of youth. - M.: Education, 2005. - 175 p.

3. Meshcheryakov V.A. Using a test to study the viability // Psychological magazine. - 2014, - № 5. - P. 52 - 56.

4. Dontsov D.A, Sienkiewicz L.V. Psychological characteristics, socio-psychological patterns and specificity of personality development in youth // Psychological magazine. - 2013, № 11. - P. 54 – 67.

5. Alexandrova L.A. Concept of viability in psychology. // Psychological magazine. - 2010, - № 2. - P. 147 - 154.