ABOUT SOME INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF
TRAINING
Zholdybayeva A.A., Dakenova K.T., Zholdybayev S.S.
Kazakh national medical
university, Almaty
Methods of training are
devoted to hundreds of basic research in the general theory of pedagogy, and in
particular the methods of teaching specific disciplines. The concept of
"method" is also given hundreds of definitions. For example, [1] by the
method of teaching understand how succession of interaction between teacher and
students, aimed at achieving a certain goal by the study of educational
material.
According to [2],
"every system is a method of successive realization of human actions that
lead to success, appropriate target goals."
In - Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia, teaching method (from the Greek, etc. Μέθοδος
- way) - the process of interaction between teachers and students, which
results in the transfer and assimilation of knowledge and skills provided by
the content of education.
Training admission
(training method) - short-term interaction between teacher and students, aimed
at the transfer and assimilation of specific knowledge, skills, skills.
Training methods can be presented in a variety of classifications according to
their practical functions and capabilities of the organization of learning
interaction between the teachers and students. However, a
complete unified classification of teaching methods, which in summary form would
include all the characteristics of the classification methods, yet. Different
authors use different features and approaches to their classification.
In the process of
pedagogical innovative teaching methods include the introduction of innovations
in the objectives, methods, content and form of training and education, the
joint activity of teacher and student. These innovations can be specifically
designed, developed, or have re-emerged thanks to the initiative of teaching
[3]. We propose to consider some of the most curious and least known to the
public methods.
Sinkveyn.
The ability to summarize
information, to express complex ideas, feelings and ideas in few words - an
important skill. It requires thoughtful reflection, based on a rich conceptual
stock. Sinkveyn word comes from the French word which means "five."
Thus, sinkveyn - a poem consisting of five lines, which is based on the rules.
For simplicity, the external shape, sinkveyn - fast, but powerful tool for
reflection, synthesis and generalization of concepts and information. He
teaches a meaningful use of the concept and to determine their attitude to the
problem, using all five lines.
It is interesting to use
sinkveyns and as a means of creative expression. Sinkveyn can use the lessons
of literary reading, the Russian language and the world, the history of the
city, traffic rules, life safety.
Rules for constructing
sinkveyn:
Line 1 - a keyword - a sinkveyn
theme determining the content (usually a noun).
Line 2 - two adjectives that
describe the topic.
Line 3 - 3 verb describing the
action that makes a noun.
Line 4 - a short sentence, a
phrase of 4 words shows your attitude to the subject-noun.
Line 5 - alias or your
association of one word, which repeats the essence of the topic (usually a noun).
Sinkveyn (from Fr. Cinquains,
Eng. Cinquain) – five row poetic form that originated in the United States at
the beginning of the XX century under the influence of Japanese poetry. In what
came to be used (recently, in 1997, and Russia) in the didactic purposes, as an
effective method of figurative language, which allows you to quickly get a
result. Some trainers believe that sinkveyn useful as a tool for synthesizing
complex information, as the cut-off assessment of the conceptual baggage of
students and vocabulary.
Sinkveyn in terms of pedagogy.
Writing is a form of free sinkveyn creativity, which requires the author's
ability to find information in the material of the most essential elements,
draw conclusions and formulate them briefly. In addition to using the sinkveyn
lessons literature [4] (for example, to summarize the passed material [5]) and use sinkveyn practiced as a final
assignment for the studied material of any other discipline.
Ease of construction. Easily
build of sinkveyn making it one of the most effective methods of preschool age,
which allows you to quickly get a result. In particular, familiarity with the
concept of words and vocabulary to better express their thoughts [6].
Formation of analytical skills.
Drawing sinkveyn, a brief summary, based on large amounts of information, it is
useful to develop the capacity for analysis. In contrast, school essays,
sinkveyn requires less time consuming, although it has a more rigid framework
in the form of presentation, and writing a compiler requires the implementation
of almost all of his personal abilities (intellectual, creative, imaginative).
Thus, the procedure allows the preparation of sinkveyn harmoniously combine
elements of all three major educational systems: information, activity and
personality-oriented [7].
Variability. Variations to
produce sinkveyn promote diverse compilation tasks. In addition to the self (as
well as a couple, group) drawing up a new sinkveyn possibly with options:
compilation of short stories ready to sinkveyn (using words and phrases that
are part of sinkveyn); correction and improvement of
the finished sinkveyn; analysis of incomplete sinkveyn to determine the missing
part (for example, is given without specifying sinkveyn topic - without the
first line should be based on existing define it).
Six Hats method
Six Hats method - used during any
discussion as a convenient way to manage and switch between thinking of it. One
of the tools of creative thinking. The purpose of the method - to teach people
to better understand the features of his thinking, to control their thinking
and more accurately correlate it with the tasks assigned to more efficient use
of the thinking process for solving problems.
The method of
"Six thinking hats". Other names of the method: "Six Hats
method," "Six Hats de Bono".
By the method of Edward de Bono, the 80-ies XX century. It is used during any discussion as a
convenient way to manage and switch between thinking of it. One of the tools of
creative thinking [8].
The purpose of the method. Teach
people to better understand the features of his thinking, to control their
thinking and more accurately correlate it with the tasks assigned to more
efficient use of the thinking process for solving problems.
The method Six Thinking Hats - a
simple and practical way to overcome three fundamental challenges related to
practical thinking: emotion, helplessness and confusion. The method allows to
separate thinking into six types, or modes, each of which corresponds to a
metaphorical colored "hat." This division allows the use of each mode
is much better, and the whole process of thinking becomes more focused and
sustainable.
Action plan.
Undergo training in the principles and application of a
method that allows to remember the rules, learn how to use and consciously
apply them in practice. After that use certain
"modes of thinking" in order to understand, control and adapt ways of
thinking in solving specific problems.
Putting on, removing, replacing
his hat, or just thinking of calling the "hat" to simply indicate
their thinking, we will assume a role, which indicates that hat.
In color printing primary colors are applied to the paper separately. But in
the end, they all mix and make color printing. Six Hats method - is to use the
same principle in the mind: an attempt to learn to pay attention to different
aspects of thinking, one at a time. As a result of the combination of these
various aspects of the mind gives in full.
The six metaphorical hats of different colors represent each of the major types
of thinking. The greater number of hats would be cumbersome and confusing. The
smaller - not adequate. Six thinking hats are designed for creative and
constructive thinking, which complement the analytical and evaluative.
How to use hats. Wearing the hat
of thinking, we are taking on the role, which indicates that hat.
Taking off his hat a particular color, we are moving
away from this type of thinking. If you change one hat
to another is instantaneous switching of thinking. This method allows you to
call for a diversion of thought, without offending the person. We did not
attack the ideas expressed, and ask about the change. To indicate
their opinion, you can simply call the hat, and thus to show what type of
thinking will be used. For example, just saying that putting on a black hat, you
get the opportunity to discuss the idea of not attacking the
person who proposed it.
The six thinking hats
Red Hat. The red color suggests
the fire. Red Hat is associated with emotions, intuition, feelings and
premonitions. There is no need to justify anything. Your feelings are there,
and a red hat allows them to express.
The yellow hat. Yellow suggests
sunshine and optimism. Under the yellow hat we are trying to find the merits
and advantages of the offer, opportunities and potential winnings, identify
hidden resources.
The black hat. Black is
reminiscent of the mantle, and a judge means caution. Black hat - a mode of
criticism and evaluation, it points to the disadvantages and risks, and say why
something cannot happen.
The green hat. Green recalls the
plants, growth, energy and life. Green Hat - a mode of creativity, generating
ideas, innovative approaches and alternative points of view.
The white hat. White suggests the paper. In this mode, we focus on the
information available to or required to make a decision: just the facts and
figures.
The blue hat. Used in early discussions to put the task of thinking and decide
what we want to achieve as a result. This mode of observing the very process of
thinking and management (formulation of objectives, summarizing, etc.).
Additional Information: Why
is the hat? Hat it is easy to put on and remove. This also applies to our
situation, because we should be able to change different types of thinking with
the same ease as colored hats. Up to 90% of the errors in thinking (in the
non-technical areas) - this is an error of perception. Logical errors are very
rare.
Six Hats
method enriches our thinking and makes it more comprehensive. If we simply ask
others to think about something, they often come to confusion. but if they are
invited to explore the subject, using a scheme of six hats, the breadth of
their perception is growing rapidly.
Advantages of the method:
visibility, ease of development and application; the ability to see the
situation and the decision from several points of view; allows you to remove
your ego from thinking.
The disadvantages of the method:
the effective application requires a developed imagination and a thorough
workout; most psychological stress; the expected result.
More efficient use of the
thinking process for solving problems.
Literature:
1.
Bespalko V.P. The terms of educational technology. - Moscow, 1989.
2.
Guzeev V. Educational technology: from acquisition to philosophy. -
Moscow, September, 1996.
3.
Lyaudis V.J. Innovative teaching: strategy and practice. - Moscow, 1994.
4.
Chernilevsky D., Filatov, D.C. Learning technologies in higher
education. Textbook. edition, ed. D.V. Chernilevskogo. - M.: Agent, 1996.
5.
Hannan, A. & Silver, H. (2000) Innovating in Higher Education:
teaching, learning and institutional cultures. Buckingham: Open University
Press.
6.
Johannessen, J.-A., Olsen, B. & Lumpkin, G. T. (2001) Innovation as
newness: what is new, how new, and new to whom? European Journal of Innovation
Management, 4 (1) [20 - 31].
7.
Laurillard, D. (2002) Rethinking University Teaching: a conversational
framework for the effective use of learning technologies
8.
M.V. Volynkina Innovative element in the educational process /
Innovative Methods in Education Proceedings of the International scientific and
practical conference May 3-10, 2008, Moscow.-C.42-46