Экономические науки
/ Макроэкономика
Kolomiets
M.I.,
National
University "Lviv Polytechnic", Ukraine
Areas of development of internal market of
building
materials
Today in the construction industry in
Ukraine lasts stage deal with the consequences caused by the financial crisis
with its usual decrease current demand, high interest
rates of mortgage loans, the recession in the construction industry. Reducing
the volume of construction in the country duly impressed building materials,
products and structures, which is a basic industry that provides construction
activities.
At the same time, today in Ukraine there
is steady increase in construction of new plants using the latest technology
and reconstruction of existing production facilities. In recent years,
commissioned new facilities for the production of modern building materials,
including: Heat products, ceramic bricks (including the face), aerated
concrete, dry cement and so on. But still dependent on imports of certain types
of building materials, namely, window glass, sanitary ware, roofing tiles,
fibrous plate heater etc..
Must overcome raw material export
dependence. According to some experts Ukraine has almost 40% of world reserves
of white clay and kaolin [1]. However, Ukraine exports to CIS countries high
quality clay, but instead imports expensive, and not always the best quality
sanitary ware and tiles.
The current market prices of materials is
not a guarantee of quality and performance products. Many domestic enterprises
and today runs on electricity and trudozatratnyh technologies. Deep processing
of non-metallic materials has limited distribution because of the lack of
domestic equipment and unavailability of import value.
The above causes the need to create
conditions for the growth of innovative building materials, products and
designs. While in developed countries the share of innovation active
enterprises reaches 70%, in Ukraine it does not exceed 25%.
The main causes of problems in the field
of building materials, products and structures are:
- Structural imbalances and
commodity-export orientation of domestic construction materials;
- The lack of an established system for
monitoring exports and imports of construction materials and monitoring
resource fields for the production of building materials;
- Complicated procedure of allotment of
land for career and non-metallic minerals permits for their use, the low level
of technical equipment of mining;
- Low competitiveness of domestic
construction materials, materials, energy and labor intensity, lack of
implementation of new technologies;
- Neadaptovanist domestic legal framework
with European standards;
- Lack of effectiveness of market
surveillance for safety and quality of building materials;
- Poor ecological situation in the
locations of businesses that work with outdated equipment and technologies that
do not conform to the present;
- Low level of participation of
associations of undertakings manufacturers of building materials in the
formation of a favorable environment for the creation of conditions for
development of the internal market of building materials, products and
structures;
- Lack of public support for the creation
of conditions for the realization of investment projects of high-tech building
materials;
- There is a sale on informal markets
building materials and products that do not comply with government regulations,
standards and technical regulations.
Outlined the problems hindering the
development of the internal market for construction materials in Ukraine and
need to develop mechanisms that would allow to achieve these goals. There are
two possible solutions to the problem.
The first option involves a passive state
policy on the development of building materials industry in Ukraine. The state
refuses to deliberate action on the building materials market, encourage
investment, and provides exclusive use of market mechanisms for sustainable
development in this area. The specified option promotes investment in companies
that have high returns and quick payback, particularly in trade untreated
non-metallic minerals and timber, but does not encourage investment in the real
economy, infrastructure and industrial facilities.
The second best option would be an active
policy aimed at consolidating the efforts of the government, business and
science in order to create conditions for the development of the internal
market in the production of building materials, products and designs.
Implementation of the second best option involves complex determination of
issues and problems and identify ways to address these problems in two ways:
- In the direction of public
participation;
- Towards participation of enterprises
that produce construction materials and their associations.
Implementation of this option will
promote a balanced development of the building materials industry, focusing on
development priorities, increasing the attractiveness of investment objects and
so on. Thus this option corresponds to modern trends of the investment policy
of the developed countries and allows to improve the investment climate and
investment activity, provide support for the building materials industry as one
of the basic branches of economy, development and diversification of import
replaced external markets, expands entities to investment resources, creates
the conditions for the transition to innovative investment model development
and competitiveness of the industry.
Literature:
1.
Близнюк А. Наше
завдання - зробити вітчизняні будматеріали дешевшими і кращими за імпортні! /
Близнюк А. // http://www.minregion.gov.ua/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=105