PhD Boluspaev Shalkar, Bimagambetova Zhadyra
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
The development
of gas industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan's gas industry has a great potential for
further development, which will in future make Kazakhstan one of the region's
leading producers of natural gas.
The gas industry in Kazakhstan began to develop more
recently, in the 70 years of the last century. In "the Kazakh Soviet
Encyclopedia" for 1981 noted that "the existence of large natural gas
reserves, the high efficiency of its use, and relatively low capital in the
short term can change the structure of the fuel balance of the Republic in
favor of gas. The prospect of the gas industry in Kazakhstan is great. "
Reserves of natural gas and gas condensate in
Kazakhstan is $ 3 trillion. cu. m and 0.7 million tonnes respectively.
Projected gas resources (including the continental shelf of the Caspian Sea)
are estimated at 5.9 trillion. cu. m. Share of the Republic of Kazakhstan in
the world gas reserves, according to statistics, is about 1.1% of world gas
reserves ranking Republic occupies the 15th place.
In 2012, gas production in the country amounted to
40.1 billion cubic meters. m (101.5% compared to 2011).
The volume of commercial gas production was 21.2 billion cubic meters. m (100% by 2011).
Gas exports from the country of 8.8 billion cubic
meters. m (103.7% in 2010). Via Belarus transited gas in the amount 96.5
billion cubic meters. m (100.0%).
Produced 2.2 million tonnes of liquefied petroleum gas
(103.1%).
In the west, where most resources are petroleum and
natural gas, a more active work on gasification of settlements than in other
regions of Kazakhstan: in the Mangistau region level gas rate is 98%, the
Atyrau region - 95% of the West Kazakhstan - 78%, Aktobe - 51%. In the south of
the country's current level of gasification of natural gas is not as impressive
and is: Almaty city - 93%, Kyzylorda - 54%, South
Kazakhstan - 50.4%, Zhambyl - 39% and Almaty — 5.6%.
The republic, there are two main problems for the
effective use of natural gas. This increase in gas exports and stable supply of
Kazakh gas consumers. And the second in winning positions in export markets gas
to Kazakhstan to compete with Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Russia,
which now effectively controls access to European markets.
Problems with internal software lie in the fact that
the major gas reserves are concentrated in the western part of the country, and
the main potential customers are located in the south, north, central and
eastern Kazakhstan. Due to insufficient gas pipeline Kazakhstan is currently
heavily dependent on gas imports from Russia, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.
Today, the share of gas in the fuel and energy
resources in Kazakhstan is about 14-15%. Domestic consumption of gas - over 9
billion cubic meters per year. It is expected that by 2030, this amount will be
doubled. According to experts, only the southern regions will annually consume
about 7 billion cubic meters of gas. Who supplies the south at the expense of
imports of Uzbek gas, the price of which is growing every year. It is clear
that much more profitable Kazakhstan earn their gas, because it will always be
cheaper than imported.
However, the solution of this issue is not only under
control, but it also has the first positive results. Thus, in particular, in
April of this year, gasification of Kyzylorda came to his final frontier,
covering, including suburbs and nearby regional center of 
towns. Project, for which of the national budget was
allocated nearly 12 billion, involves reconstruction of thermal power stations,
and connect to the centralized gas supply 91% of houses of citizens. To date, a
centralized gas supply in Kyzylorda already connected about 600 high-rise, and
over 20 thousand individual homes, more than five hundred companies. With the
cost of gas, which is supplied to the city from the local oil and gas fields,
is one of the lowest in the country, and he began to Kyzylorda do little more
than 4 tenge per cubic meter, which allows them to cut costs in times of its
budget during the heating season.
Currently, natural gas consumption regions of the
republic is 10.2 billion cubic meters (113%), and its exports from the country
- 8.2 billion cubic meters (89.9%). In accordance with the agreement on gas
deliveries counterclaims between "Gazprom", "Uzbekneftegaz"
and JSC "NC" KazMunaiGas "on December 27, 2006, all imports of
gas goes through the SWAP-operations with Karachaganak export at the same price
and in equal amounts. Gas transit via Kazakhstan until 2011 was made in the
amount of 96.7 billion cubic meters (118.1%), including Russia - 62 billion
cubic meters of Turkmen - 26.5 billion cubic meters of Uzbek - 8.2 billion
cubic meters.
Total length of gas pipelines in our territory is about
12 thousand km The major gas mains are:
-
"Central Asia - Center" - 872 km (capacity - 60 billion cubic
meters);
-
"Bukhara - Ural" - 1176 km (7.2 billion cubic meters);
-
"Union", "Orenburg - Novopskov" - 382 km (7.5 billion cubic
meters);
-
"BGR - Tashkent - Bishkek - Almaty" - 1585 km (4 billion cubic
meters);
- "Kazakhstan - China" - 1300 km (30 bcm).
In
conclusion, it should be noted that current economic policy of Kazakhstan
multivector already paying dividends, allowing to develop all cost effective
routes for transit and export of natural gas. The presence of extended
pipelines, the gradual but systematic modernization of plants allows Kazakhstan
to maneuver in the global energy market. As for domestic policy gasification of
the country, it must still remain among the priorities, as it helps support
energy, and with it the social security. The problem of gas transportation will
be addressed with the plan for 2013 is to continue the implementation of
projects for the construction of the gas pipeline
"Beineu-Bozoi-Shymkent", "Kazakhstan-China",
"Sarybulak-Zimunai", "Tobol-Kokshetau-Astana"
In general, the economic situation is stable gas
industry, which has a tendency to grow, with many indicators of the industry
are mutually correlated with the extraction of crude oil.
The list of used materials:
1. The Official site of Ministry of oil and gas of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2. News site