Yartseva O. I., Obidnyk M. D., Ostrovska M. V.

Vinnytsia National Technical University

The usage of computer graphics in technical systems

Nowadays computer graphics is employed in almost every field of human activity.

From the moment of its emergence and until now computer graphics is developing rapidly thanks to the appearance of the new forceful computer technique and computer programs.

The sphere of usage of computer graphics is not limited to computer effects only. Modern scientific computer graphics gives us an opportunity to hold computational experiments with the vivid presentation of their results.

Computer graphics is mostly used in the processes of designing, in particular in technical systems, mostly designing is realized automatically [1].

In the technical systems computer graphics is used for simplification of a number of tasks: for easing the work of operator, for easing the constructive realization, for system automatization and for the demonstrativeness of its active processes. Mathematically precise volumatic geometrical modeling lies at the heart of the modern automatized designing of the technical systems [1].

The systems of geometrical modeling make it possible to create informational environment in which physical models are created and altered. They provide decisions for numerous problems, connected with the usage of the physical models in the process of designing (measurement, manipulating) and allow us to analyze the process of designing as the gradual detalization of the form according to the idea of the developer. Besides, mathematically precise geometrical models play a determining role on all the stages of the life cycle of the item and serve as the basis of the figuration of the various project documentation.

The methods of the automatized designing CAD or CADD are applied for designing of various objects. In some areas objects are rendered at first in terms of a wireframe model, which shows the general format and the defining characteristics of the object.

DUCT [2] system allows the designer to create three-dimensional wireframe and surface models of objects to visualize them on the screen, and calculate the surface area, volume, center of gravity coordinates of the object and generate a finite element mesh for analysis of flow and strength calculations.

Software packages typically offer multiple-developer operating environment, which helps you to find out facility and its view from different angles of object.

CATIA [3] system has one of the most advanced design techniques and surface quality analysis in the curvature, smoothness, continuity in the areas of interface.

Wiring diagrams and communications networks are created by rearranging a few graphic elements. Development packages often offer the standard elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic and logic circuits. After consistently placing copies of the individual elements in the drawing, graphic software package automatically creates links between components. This allows the designer to perform a quick test of alternative schemes in order to minimize the number of components or the space required for the system. Modern design tools control systems SCADA, as a rule, have built-in editor that allows you to carry out all the tasks of design visualization.

Computer animation [4] in real-time frame shapes is very useful for testing the vehicle or system quickly, since the wireframe image of the surface can’t be played, each element is calculated fairly quickly, giving the impression of continuous movement on the screen.

OpenGL and Direct3D - two major up to date and libraries for creating three-dimensional computer graphics.

Microsoft DirectX - a collection of API, the most widely used for writing computer games, designed for simple and effective solution of problems associated with video.

DirectDraw is designed to interact with the video card. One of the main functions of this component is to provide direct access to the video memory also allows you to get information about the device and change its settings, control palette, color scheme, initialize multiple monitors and video capture.

With either common packets aided design software developed or can be designed for many different systems and products.

BIBLIOGRAPHI

1. Norenkov I. Fundamentals of computer-aided design / Norenkov I. - Moscow: Publishing House of the MSTU. Bauman, 2002. - 336.

2. Automation of the design process in mechanical engineering / ed. Kapustin N. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1985. – 304.

3. Kondaks A. CAD process: a textbook for high schools / Kondakov A. - Moscow: The Academy, 2007.

4. Cad process: lecture notes / Smirnov V., Alt State Technical University, BTI. –Publishing House: Acad Alt State Technical University, 2007.