Tulegenov M.A.

Graduate School of Public Health, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan

RELATIONSHIP BUILDING AND REPRODUCTIVE CIVIL WOMEN, INCLUDING FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF FAMILY’S FAMILY WELL-BEING

Abstract. In the course of the survey conducted by the peculiarities of the reproductive behavior of women of reproductive age in Almaty, depending on the location in the legal or civil marriage. Found that the number of pregnancies per woman increases with age, with the first end 1-3 pregnancy usually genera and following pregnancy - interrupt. Defined social-medical and socio-economic characteristics of women who had the highest number of pregnancies, birth abortions. The groups of women with positive or negative reproductive installation.

Keywords: women of reproductive age, medical and social assessment, socio-economic characteristics, reproductive behavior.

Introduction. Evaluation of reproductive potential of the population is needed to identify the role of individual risk factors for violations of reproductive health and the development of methods for prediction and prevention of disease, prediction of the demographic situation in the region, forecasting the health of pregnant women, pregnant women, postpartum women, infants, that is, for the development of health and social measures aimed at strengthening the reproductive health of the population and improve the demographic situation. These studies and evaluation of the reproductive potential of the population of the region should be the basis of long-term planning of the regional obstetric, and pediatric services, andrology, a scientific study program in the field of family policy.

Material and methods.

To study the accessibility of reproductive-age women to health care we conducted a survey on a specially designed "Map anonymous survey of women." All were interviewed 949 respondents between the ages of 15 and 55 years old, seeking antenatal care in Almaty. Respondents were divided into two groups depending on the location in the legal (group I) or civil, consensual (group II) marriage. The latter have certain characteristics, including and of reproductive behavior.

Results.

Family, regardless of the form of marriage, to a large extent restricted its membership: most married couples have one child, or even remain childless. 79.1% of the families I have a group of children, the proportion of families with two children in this group was 16,5%, while families with three children were not there. Thus, among the families of Group I, having children, the vast majority were one-child family (62,6%). In group II the vast majority of households (78,1%), childless (group I the proportion of such households was 20,9%), and 21,9% have one child.

To characterize the socio-economic status of families and identify the impact of economic, social and hygienic factors on the number of children we investigated the level of life of married couples with one or two children, and childless couples (or groups A, B, and C).

If the fundamental differences in the distribution of income levels in families with children who are not observed, it is among the childless - dominated by families with higher per capita incomes. So, in groups A and B, almost two-thirds of families (65,8% and 63,8%, respectively) had incomes per family member is less than 18 thousand tenge. In the group with per capita incomes below the mark received only 33,1% of families and two-thirds of childless households had incomes of 19-40 th. It should be noted that the high per capita income (in excess of 40 thousand tenge) were only 3,5% and 4,4% of single-child families with two children, while families without children among them 3,5 times greater (p <0, 01) than in group A, and 2,8-fold higher (p <0.01) than in Group V.

The material can be considered affluent families whose per capita income is above the minimum subsistence level of a factor of 2 or more (more 300 $). Among the one-child families such households represent 20,1% of two-child – 21,2%, and among childless their majority – 35,2%.

Thus, it can be noted an inverse relationship between the number of children in the family and its level of material well-being: the higher the standard of living, the smaller children in the family (r = -0.99). The highest level was observed in the well-being of childless families.

The value of the family income largely determines the structure of its costs. In families with two children is higher than in single-child families, the proportion of expenditure on food (29,2%), and housing and communal services (11,2%), and to pay for communication services (3.8%). At the same time, one child of the family, as opposed to the two-child, a larger share of income spent on addressing the social and spiritual needs: for health services (2,8%), educational services (1,9%), recreation and cultural activities (7,3%).

Similar trends are observed in the analysis of data obtained during the survey respondents' self-evaluation of groups A, B and C, the structure of consumption expenditure by households aggregated expenditure. Substantial portion of the consumption of all types of families are expenses for meals: A family group spend about a third of the power of money income (30,5%) in group B spending on food is much higher - they occupy 42,4% of the consumer costs. The lowest proportion of their expenditure spent on food childless families (25,8%).

The purchase of non-food products family groups A and C are spending about one-third of their income: 29,7% in the single-child and 31,6% - in childless households. Families with two children can not afford to spend on the purchase of non-food items only 14,6% of revenue.

One of the important parameters in assessing the well-being of families is the provision of housing. The level of housing is higher in families of group B: 44,5% of families with two children live in an isolated apartment, 12,8% in their own home. However, housing 42,7% of households in this group are not satisfactory, as the two-child family, one in four (26,7%) is forced to live with their parents, 8,2% of households live in communal apartments, and 7,8% rent housing.

To ensure a comfortable family accommodation number of habitable rooms in the premises exceed the number of household members. Under these conditions 19,5% of the patients residing Child group A and 36,6% of the group of families (group B of 1.6 times less than one child of household and 3 times less than in infertile).

The amount of revenue and expenditure of families, as well as their structure is largely determined by the social status of the family and their workplace.

Members of families without children (32,4%) were more than one child (22,5%) and two-detnye (19,1%) work in commercial structures: in Group A, the proportion below 1,5 (p <0,05 ), and Group B - 2-fold (p <0,05). According to the survey, in the group with relatively high proportion of respondents engaged in business – 17,1%, while at the same time, the proportion of households in the group of entrepreneurs was only 9.3%, and in the families of Group A – 2,3%.

In general, every other childless families (47,6%) satisfied with their financial situation. In Group A these households 2,5 times less than – 18,6% (p <0.01) and group B – 3,5 times less than -13,2% (p <0,01). Completely satisfied with their financial situation and can buy whatever they see fit 10,7% of families without children, 4,2% (2,5 times less) of families with one child (p <0,01), and only 2,6% (in 4 times less) families with two children (p <0,01).

Talk.

Thus, the study of certain features of the reproductive behavior of women of reproductive age in Almaty, depending on the location in the legal or civil union laws we have identified:

1) for the majority of families in a legal marriage is characterized by the presence of one child (79,1% of households), and for families in a civil union - childlessness (78,1%);

2) in families with children, the fundamental differences in income are not observed, and the predominate among childless families with higher per capita incomes;

3) an inverse relationship between the number of children in the family and its level of material well-being: the higher the standard of living, the smaller children in the family (r = -0,99);

4) The cost structure of families with one or more children is almost the same: a significant proportion of the consumption structure are expenses for food (from 25,8% to 42,4%) for the purchase of non-food products (from 14,6% to 31,6% ) and for housing and communal services (from 11,2% to 27,5%), but one child families spend a larger share of income to meet the social and spiritual needs (health care, educational services, recreational and cultural activities);

5) the level of housing is higher in families with 2 or more children, but the living conditions of the individual parameters are not entirely satisfactory (the number of square meters of housing per family member, the availability of public facilities, etc.);

6) The most comfortable family living with one child (19,5%) and childless families (36.6%);

7) every other childless families (47,6%) satisfied with their financial situation, families with one child - 2.5 times less (18,6%), much less in families with 2 or more children (13,2%).

Thus, the legal status and socio-economic characteristics of the family has an effect on the reproductive behavior of spouses. Conditions to ensure a high level of reproductive behavior should be considered as the presence of high-paying jobs, own homes over a wide area and satisfactory living conditions. These results, in our opinion, should be taken into account in the development of demographic programs.