Филологические науки/ Теоретические и методологические

проблемы исследования языка

Rysbaeva G., Rysbai B. Candidate of Philological Sciences,

Kazakhstan, Almaty

Beliefs and customs associated with the totem animals

In our country, strengthening the independence and the entry of our country in a number of civilized countries, comprehension of the principles of national, moral and material values, and problems of their realization have important actuality nowadays . And this in turn requires the culture development; people pass to future generations of experience, achievements in the development, as well as the progressive traditions of culture. Currently in the process of globalization in linguistics is widely spread viewing vectors in different ethno-linguistic, psychological-linguistic, linguo-cultural cognitive, cognitive-linguistic theory and the "image of the world language. At the present time, viewing the universe in the language of the unity world model image in general human cognition and conceptual image of the whole world is both philosophical and philological concept. From this point of view, we will consider the totem animal of Turkic peoples, including the ideological character of phraseology associated with the totem ‘kok borі’ (wolf) and a bear. Animal totems are of Turkic-speaking peoples: kok borі (wolf), bear, deer, argali (mountain sheep), a dog, worshiped all kinds of cattle, swan, crow, hawk, vulture, eagle, owl, and many other birds, totems and revered serpent , a dragon, and other inanimate objects to tote Frequent totem among the Yakuts - an eagle, swan and vulture; Teleuts - eagle in Altai - a bear, the Khakass - eagle Tuvinian - the swan and the eagle at the Tuva’s fish, vulture, eagle, swan, gull. Raven was considered sacred to the peoples Turkic-Khakas, Tuvan, Yakut Sakha. In Yakuts Sakha Crow was not only a totem, they have existed th Wolf Totem. In the sentence "Bіzdіn tanbamyz Bereke bolsyn, uranymyz kok borі bolsyn!" (Let Our sign will be unity, but will appeal kok borі (wolf)), through a combination of " tanbamyz Bereke bolsyn " (even the sign of our unity will be) Turkic-speaking peoples from the beginning showed their desire to solidarity, unity and friendship. Through a combination of "Uranymyz kok borі bolsyn!" (Our call will let kok borі (wolf)) ca Wolf been deemed a sacred animal among many Turkic peoples since ancient times. The image is used to kөk bөrі Kazakh banner. This is a direct continuation of the "wolf banner" of the Turks. This can be seen in poems akin Suyunbaev: to be as brave, persistent and bold as a wolf.

"Borі uranym bass,
Borіlі Menin bayraғym.
Borіlі bayrak koterse,
Kozyp Keter Kaydagim

Oguz Kagan from victory to victory resulted in a blue roan, blue wolf. Oguz Kagan before leaving the field against other countries distribute their subordinate feudal lords and the people of this decree: "Men senderge kagan Bolden, Alyndar zhak kalkan foams, Tanba bіzge bolsyn Bereke. "Kok borі bolsyn uran" I became your Hagan.

Oguz Kagan before leaving the field against other countries distribute their subordinate feudal lords and the people of this decree: "Men senderge Kagan Bolden, Alyndar zhak kalkan foams, Tanba bіzge bolsyn Bereke."Kok borі bolsyn uran" I became your Hagan. for their bows and shields. Let our unity will be familiar, even if our call to be a wolf) [1;10]. Here you can see that the line "Kok borі bolsyn uran" has a deep philosophical meaning.

Because kok borі elevated to the level of the slogan in this line has long been revered and sacred animal in many Turkic-speaking people. And if the story "Yer Targyn" the protagonist is portrayed as the "Hay betіnen kіrіp, Kun betіnen shygatyn kok borі" the courage Kambar batyr described as " This peculiar feature of the Kyrgyz and tales. Even in the famous Kyrgyz "Manas" Manas batyr described as "kara shagyr kabylany myeon koseu қuyryk kok arystannan tys, arkasynda kara kok zhaly bar zholyna Nur togіlgen bala”:

Arkasynda balanyn,
Kara kok zhaly korіndі.
Kara shagyr kabylany,
Kaptalynda shabyndy.
Koseu kuyryk kok Arystan
On zhagynda қabyndy.
Nur togіlіp zholyna
Barі oylagan balanyn
Manas dep aty tabyldy [2;19].

Therefore, the image of "Borі" shows the world wide Turkic-speaking people. In the knowledge of our ancestors kok borі - light Tengri is a symbol of victory and heroism.

Among the Turkic peoples are found proverbs, beliefs associated with kok borі, wolf. The proverb "Koidyn iesі Bolsa, borіnіn tanіrі bar" or "Ittіn iesі Bolsa, borіnіn tanіrі bar" at the Kyrgyz people sounds like: "Maldyn iesі Bolsa, borіnіn tanіrі bar" and the Russian people, "The dog is the owner, and the wolf is the god ". Borі – dog

Tengri, so people have a belief that if the sheep into the pen will attack the wolf people will interpret this as a good sign, "Kok borіnіn auzy tidі, kok tanіrі қoldaydy, mal osіp, Jaman Bolado." Kazakh people defines the relationship with the wolf and the mountain wilderness, "Eldі poles ұry bar Taulu poles bөrі bar", "Borі kyr askansha", "Dalada borі ulysa, uydegі ittіn іshі ashidy." Arab proverb says, "Um urse kalma, elge aparar, borі ulysa Barma, sholge aparar." This proverb says that a wolf was considered as a bad omen. The Kazakhs of Mongolia believed that a lot of shooting wolves and wolf cubs take away bad luck and forbidden to do so. They feared that the wolf will return and take revenge, "Kaskyr kaytse bіr soқpay ketpeydі" [3;68]. The proverb "Kaskyrdyn zhese de auzy қan, Zhemese de auzy kan" (in the sense that you need to beware of shamelessness when every dirty, it will be difficult to purify) shows the similarity of bases in two languages: Uzbek, "Ena Burining ham oғzi қon, Emas ham oғzi қon" /"Бурининг еса хам оғзи қон, Емаса хам оғзи қон".

In the totem wolf had two names, the first - kok borі, according to the historical tradition of honor, that is, seen as a totem, the second - the enemy of cattle, regarded as a predatory animal. The ancestors of the Kazakhs Huns in ancient times believed a wolf totem. One particular image that was made Hunnish masters, sculptures made of gold, intended for the ancestors, the wolf's head of gold, both of which are paintings of worship. Gong when he remembered his ancestors looked to the sky and worshiped, this sculpture. The name of one of the Turkic tribes - Ashina-ince, comes from the word meaning "noble wolf" [4;23]. The legend of Ashina says at the time of the raid enemies, a wolf (bus-a Mongol is translated as a wolf), adopted a boy who was left at the site of the old parking lot of the nomads. The descendants of Turkic Ashina are descended from the descendants of the boy. Not only the Turks believe that their ancestors came from the wolf, the Romans also call themselves descendants of the wolf. In times of states were originated belief that the ancestor of the Turks is kөk bөrі.

Not only the Kazakhs, Kyrgyz and Uzbeks, Turkmens, Tatars saw the wolf as a sacred animal, and called him directly, for example, Kazakhs it was called "uzyn kulak" "tіk кulak", "ulyma", "kokzhal", "um-қus "Uzbeks used the transition to the meaning of" itkush "(um-қуs), Turkmens used ephemism" hells zhіten "(untitled), mesdan um (the dog of the steppes). The Kazakhs, even at the present time do not call his name. Pastoralists believed that if you call him a "wolf," then he will attack livestock. When people meet on the village tradition of asking, "um-Malyn қustan aman ba?". It is the imprint of ancient totemism. The people have a belief that if a wolf runs ahead of the traveler, he is lucky.

Turkic-Altai people, too, thought the wolf a sacred animal, and called his name, for example, Soyots called him "uzyn қuyrykty", "ulyma", "kok koz," Kaczynski Tartars called "uzyn қuyryk" and Yakuts "қuyrykty." Altai Turks did not use a direct name "time", instead use the term "aga" and Chuvash, instead of "kashkyr" to be using such names euphemistically as "uzyn қuyryk", "tokpak қuyryk" or "tanіr itі" [5;101] .

The image kok borі visible sign of totemism, fetishism, animalism. There were beliefs about the tendons, bones and meat are the wolf. For example, in the old village residents to find a person committed a theft, said "қasқyrdyң taramysyn өrtegelі zhatyrmyn" (going to burn the tendon of a wolf). It turned out to have believed that burned leg tendon glimmering thief. A thief who scared that he had leg cringe: "Ayagym tartylyp kalady" nemese "Taramys, sіnіrіm tartylyp kalady", he brought the stolen item.

It was believed to carry the bone wolf as a mascot. Fat and meat of the wolf used to treat tuberculosis. There is a belief that if the Kazakh women during pregnancy craving meat wolf, the boy born to them will be brave, courageous. For instance: mother of famous warriors and XVI century Orak Mamai Karaulek azhe sings thus:

"... Mamayzhan boyga bіtkende,

Arystan, borі etіn zhep,

Kanyp edі zherіgіm "(23 zhoқtau, Moscow, 1926).

One of these wild animals is a bear. We bear the name was a taboo, "aba". Ancient hunters saw a bear as a protector of all animals, the patron saint of hunters, the ancestor of all mankind, seen as a creator. When referring to the views of the researchers: "During the Paleolithic bear went over to totemic cult of fire-Mother" [6, 201-202.]. Therefore, hunters are afraid to eat meat of bear. "Buryats, even if not considered a bear totem, an animal does not have murdered his eyes gouged out assuming a star, and told" We're not killed, murdered, and hamnigany Urynkhay black crows court. At the same time shouting at the Raven "- conveys M.N.Hangalov [7;53-55]. Kazakhs rezaya cattle said "You have no guilt, and we have no food," and this meant that they ask for forgi Adoration of the bear is common in the Altai, Tuvan, Saha, Khakas and Buryat. Turkic-speaking peoples are not called directly by name, and used the euphemistic naming. For example, the Yakut called "eһe" (grandfather), "tyataagy", "kyrdagas" Altai "abaay" (her father), "karyndash", "taay" Teleuts "Eph kulakty," "Cheer hulahtyg" Tuva "kayirahan" (king of the creatures) [5;100].

Kazakhs also honored the bear. The Kazakhs have devoted bears kyuyi "Zhorga ayu", "Ayu biі." Also, there are names of people like Ayub, Ayuhan, Ayukhanov, etc.

In the ancient residence there names as Arslan (Lion), Aşına (Wolf), Bars (Leopard), Buqa (raindeer), Küçük (puppy), Qaban (wild boar), Qulan (kulan), Teka (goat), and etc. The Tatars were called wolf "бүре" Leopard "Leopard" lion "Arslan", as there are people they are: Baiburin, Burke, Buriev, Burikaev, leopard, snow leopards, Aybaris/ Aybarys, Ilbars, Ilbaris, Bibarsov, Akbars, Arslan, Baybүre, Bug, Baybuga, Kөchek, Kүbәk, ets. And, among the ancient people names tyureoyazychnyh Arslan/ Arslan called the rulers of Turfan, and Karahan: Arslan balban, Arslan tegin, Arslan Bilge Tengri ilig [8;156].

In conclusion, people Turkish language talking wolf and the bear were considered as bold, fierce, brisk, courageous animals. Perhaps because of this brave young men were taught to be strong, took heart, accustomed to the courage and bravery.

References:

1. Щербак А.М. Огуз-наме. Мухаббат-наме. – М., 1959. -247 стр.

2. Манас: Қырғыз халқының батырлық дастаны.–Алматы, 1961.49 с.

3.Кәмалашұлы Б. Монғолия қазақтарының аңшылық дәстүрі. Канд. дисс.. –А., 1993. С.68.

4.Гумилев Л. Көне түріктер. –Алматы: Білім, 1994. -480 стр.

5.Ахметов Ә.Қ. Түркі тілдеріндегі табу мен эвфемизмдер.– Алматы: Ғылым, 1995. – 176 стр.

6.Природа и развитие первобытного общества. – М., 1969. С.201-202.

7. Хангалов М.Н. Соб. соч. Т.1. –Улан-Удэ, 1958. С.53-55.

8.Махпиров В.У. Имена древних предков /В.У.Махпиров. – Алматы: Иниститут востоковедения МН-АН РК, 1997.– С.156.

Резюме

В статье рассматриваются фразеологизмы, относящиеся к тотемизмам с точки зрения теории «Языковая картина мира». Речь идет о культе Волка, культе Медведа.

Summary

This article deals with phraselogical units connected with totem from the point of view of «Linguistic Map of the World» theory. The author considers Wolf cult, Bear cult.