The main stages in the
development of dialogue as a form of communication
Ispandiyarova AT, Art.
Lecturer, Department of Linguistics practical Kostanay State University.
A.Baitursynov
Forms
of speech , accepted in society , are directly dependent on forms of power : a
totalitarian state implants monologue ( from the Greek monos - one , logos -
speech) as a form of speech that meets its own structure.
Interpersonal
communication can be in different forms , the main of which - the dialogue and
monologue. In this paper we consider one of common forms of communication - a
dialogue .
Depending
on whether it says one speaker or conversation ( debate ) involves two (
several persons ) we are talking about a monologue (this one ) and dialogue
(from the Greek . Dialogos - a conversation between two or more persons ) .
Known more polylogue term ( from grech.poly - a lot) , which is used when they
want to emphasize that in a conversation attended by many.
Truly
dialogic always been controversy and debate , the various conversations .
Rhetoric offers such a classification :
1) casual
conversation and good friends, loved ones ;
2) the
first conversation , when meeting ;
3) business
conversation , which is represented by different species;
a)
equal conversation partners;
b)
Talk to superior and subordinate ;
c)
talk about the cooperation between the two parties' representatives ;
4)
table-talk ( varying degrees of formality , often leading ) .
Typology
of public appearances and interviews allows to make a clear understanding of
their content and predict verbal behavior of speakers . [2 ]
Dialogue
as an independent literary -philosophical genre appeared only in ancient Greece
during the exacerbation of the ideological struggle , with the development of
ancient democracy , as public life was an essential component of the Greek life
and considered successful , provided possession skills public speech and public
discussion .
Different
types of culture produces certain characteristic forms exchanges . In the
Indian tradition , where the struggle between religions are expressed in public
debates , preference is given to public debate , held with great pomp , and
sometimes even be dramatically .
The
result was the famous " Indian rule dispute" : before you formulate
your own idea , you need to install 'viewpoints , refute it , and only then to
express their opinions , to justify their position with the opponent.
Attention
Chinese philosophers and logicians have attracted various ways studies, the
psychological aspect of the dispute , the problem of clarifying the meaning of
concepts and more.
Thus
, the followers of the philosopher Mo Di , founder moizma , considered such
conditions dispute :
a)
if the judgment are identical, there can be no dispute;
ә ) the dispute is born in the
presence of different judgments about the subject one thought;
c)
wins the dispute one whose opinion is true, etc.
Dialogic
form of presentation only gets methodical development of Plato . In the theory
of dialogue Plato put goal - finding knowledge that has universal significance
, as opposed to subjective truth of the Sophists . His dialogue not only
eliminates any roughness between the interlocutors and personal
misunderstandings , but is usually completed , prosperous outcome co - finding
the truth. His dialogue about moral responsibility for the misuse of their
speaking abilities formal rhetoric. Plato's dialogue is based on the principle
of a special composite - phased ( progressive ) movement troubled thoughts .
The
first person to "systemically investigated logical nature of dialogue
" was Aristotle . In his writings he identifies and analyzes the major
types of reasoning depending on the nature of the output : fair is probably
false . Having found that the asymmetry of roles sobesednivov entails opposed
to their strategies , Aristotle describes in detail the general and specific
strategies for specific types of interlocutors dialogues. Most worthy
recognized dialogic dispute . [3 ]
Dialogic
speech is to share replicas statements ; it perviyanaya , natural form of
language communication.
Dialogue
was also called conversation many cross communication group of individuals with
complex interweaving addresser and addressee .
Depending
on the goals set for themselves projecting verbal communication distinguished
different types of dialogue builds. Can identify the following objectives ,
which set themselves interlocutors , engaging in dialogue , to discuss
something, than to convince or to inform about anything to argue about which is
to encourage the voice or to any other action, request information , request to
clarify her express approval or disapproval , Communicative goals led to the
emergence of the following functional types. Dialog message information dialog
request information , dialogue , motivation, dialogue - questioning . All four
functional types of dialogue in aggregate demand manifestations general
communicative skills related to the analysis and evaluation of teaching and
personal speech situations , as well as the ability to use both verbal and
non-verbal means of communication. Besides general , each type of dialogue
requires a specific communicative skills. These are the following skills :
-
Dialogue - information request : the ability to set and ask the question ;
ability to properly intone statement ; the ability to use a variety of
appropriate incentives replica ; the ability to properly use the pause in
speech ; the ability to request additional information ;
-
Dialogue message information : the ability to build meaningful informative
text; ability to think logically and correctly implement his plan at the level
of pronunciation ; ability to attract and retain the attention , right to
appeal to the other party ;
-
Dialogue - motivation : the ability to properly formulate the appropriate tone
and say the request , the order ; skill appropriate to use the incentive
proposals replica stimulus ; the ability to specify the job ;
-
Dialogue - questioning : the ability to self-determination regarding the
information received ; Ability to formulate the problematic issues that support
dialogue ; ability to build a communicative expedient strategy and tactics of
verbal behavior . [3 ]
References
1. Golub IB
Art of rhetoric . Manual for eloquence. Rostov n / a : Phoenix, 2005 . (Series
"Empire of Success" )
2 . Lviv MR
Rhetoric . Culture rechi.-M. : Publishing Center "Academy" , 2003
3 .
Rhetoric and Oratory : Textbook / author-composer I.N.Kuznetsov -M , 2004
4 .
Rhetoric: A Textbook / obsch.red N.A.Ippolitovoy . , M. , 2006
5 .
Rhetoric: A Textbook / Society. Red N.A.Ippolitovoy . , M. , 2006, p 375-376