TOSHOMANOVA D.

theory of languages and literature department senior teacher,

Kostanay State University named after A.Baytursynov

TYPES OF EXERCISES FOR LEARNING TO READ

The problem of understanding scientific and educational text by the students is one of the actual problems in the learning process. There has been a growth of researches on various aspects of the problem of understanding the text, including the development of understanding of the scientific methods of teaching texts, texts in the specialty. Most students understand superficially academic and scientific texts, they cannot explain the relationship between the concepts, and they experience considerable difficulties in writing essays, term papers. Often students do not consider the factors of time and place of publication manuals when they use educational literature. For example, using the Russian authors’ books, students forget to replace the word "domestic", "our (s)" to "Russian". Some students do not include the year of publication of textbooks and often use material that was relevant a few decades ago. Students do not have skills in analyzing scientific works and often do not understand what they write themselves: essays, term papers, thesis projects resemble combination of not related to each other pieces borrowed from various sources. Different types of reading require specific methods of working with readable text. As introductory reading is intended for the most common perception of a certain text, the work begins with a study of external data of the book.

The methods of work with the introductory reading

1. Getting acquainted with external data of the book.

ü Comprehension of the title (heading);

ü Determination of the author of the text: familiar or not? How well is known? What kind of works is well-known? Did his works arouse interest in the past?

ü Getting acquainted with the output data: when the text was written? Where was it published?

ü Reading the annotations;

ü Examining illustrations, diagrams and other extra-textual components.

2. Ability to see keywords.

Methods of studying reading provide deep penetration into the content of the text, its fuller and more meaningful understanding, and therefore more durable memorizing.

Methods of work with studying reading

ü To identify hidden questions on the content of the text.

ü To think over how to answer your questions and look for answers in the text on them.

ü To allocate (to emphasize, note, write down) main, essential, difficult, unknown, unclear.

ü Submission of the contents of the text in the form of the scheme, table, drawing.

ü To form the main idea of the read.

ü To allocate the main information.

ü To identify meaningful milestones (main ideas) of the text read.

ü To select and process the necessary information to perform a specific task that goes beyond reading the text. Mastering the methods of studying reading contributes to the conscious development of secondary texts (essay, report, abstract).

Cognitive training exercises for reading

1. Define the importance of paragraphs, mark paragraphs that contain more important information, and paragraphs that contain secondary-meaning information.

2. Summarize the information expressed in the paragraphs in the semantic (single) unit.

3. To read the paragraphs of text are proposed in a random sequence, the task of reader is to specify the correct position, relative to each other.

Training exercises for the student to read

1. Add the facts without changing the structure of the text.

2. Find the text data that can be used for conclusions / annotations.

3. Write theses on the content read.

4. Make a written assessment (review).

5. Read the text and mark in the exercise sentences that are appropriate to its content. Students are presented 10-15 written sentences, and they quickly write those numbers that correspond to the content of the text.

6. Among these sentences find ones that can serve as headings to the parts of the text.

Exercises for training search-reading

1. Determine the topic / problem text.

2. Read the text, determine whether it covered mentioned questions.

3. Find the main argument in the text used to name it.

4. Look through the annotation, determine whether it corresponds to content of the text.

5. Find paragraphs addressing the topic.

6. Read the article. Find which ones are relevant to the problem.... For viewing, limited in time, 4-6 articles from newspapers, magazines or texts are offered in their specialty. Topic / problem / area can be named or identified by the student.

7. Depending on the nature of the text, group’s preparation, its knowledge in a particular area, etc. Questions that relate the information with the experience and knowledge of students are recommended: to what extent the facts given are new / unknown whether they can be used in any area, if there is enough convincing facts / data, on the basis of which the author draws conclusions.

The list of the used literature

1. S.K.Buhovets. Features learning to read scientific texts.

2. Russian language and culture of speech in questions and answers: Textbook / edited N.A.Ippolitova. - M., 2006. - 344 p.

3. Yu.Pugach. Learning technologies with the use of block diagrams.

4. Basics of scientific writing. / Edited V.V.Himik. - Moscow, 2003. - 272s.