Onalbekov
Ye.S., Mirzagulov A.
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty,
Kazakhstan
Formation of skills of self-education primary school
children in learning the subject "Self-cognition"
State Education
Development Program of the Republic of Kazakhstan specify "formation in
secondary schools of intellectual, physical and spiritual development of a
citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the satisfaction of his needs in
education, ensuring success in a rapidly changing world, the development of
competitive human capital for economic prosperity of the country.
In this regard, the
main task of the school is to develop the creative abilities of pupils by means
of the search of effective methods and techniques of training, the formation of
a positive motive in the learning process, provide transition training and
learning of students in the creative and effective level, in terms of
innovative learning approach.
At the present time
the individual development of students Input a word in connection with training
through the organization of their educational activities. Education in culture
is explained as a technique to develop new opportunities in the form of an
ideal. From this perspective, educational activities of students is known as a
method of studying the development of the organization of the ideal forms of
culture. Such a scheme for the formation of subjective ideal forms represent
the characteristics of self.
The problem of self
- relevant for students grades 5-6 in connection with the development of
training activities. Skills training itself formed at this age have a direct
effect on willpower and self-organization in adolescence and early periods.
Younger students only taking the first tentative steps into the world of
society, they are just beginning to know yourself as a person and are already
looking for the answer to the question: "How can I establish? How to get
better? ". The child of primary school age, we are constantly repeats:
"Here I am! I - am".What
exactly is self-education?
Self-education - a systematic
human activities aimed at developing or improving the moral, physical,
aesthetic qualities, habits, behavior in accordance with a certain ideal of
social conditioning.
Self-education - a systematic and
conscious human activity aimed at self-development and the formation of its
basic culture (V.A. Slastenin).
Self-education - a conscious and
systematic work on oneself, aimed at creating such properties and qualities
that meet the requirements of society and personal development program (A.I.
Kochetov).
It should be noted,
it would seem obvious, but incredibly important fact
which consists in
the fact that the formation of personality traits junior
student by self occurs in all social areas: family,
school, peers in a team, in leisure centers, clubs. What is the motivations of
self? The answer to this question is obvious - it is the desire of the child to
be strong, good, better waiting for parents and among a group of children, the
desire to earn a positive evaluation of their actions, the desire to raise its
credibility among peers and the people around them ...
A provision stating that the student - it is not only the
object but also the subject of education, is the foundation on which to base
both training and the formation of personal qualities of students. That is why
the primary task of the educational process is to develop and maintain a high
activity of younger schoolboys in the cognitive, labor, moral and aesthetic
activity. In this regard, S.L.
Rubinstein said: “All
the educational work has its own internal condition educability own work,
which, of course, tied to each any thoughtful and sensitive person around their
own actions and the actions of others... The success of the formation of the spiritual aspect of a person depends on
the inner workings of this, on how education is in a position to encourage and
guide".
On the basis of this
judgment, we can conclude that a properly organized education is nothing but as
skillful internal stimulation activity of the person to work on himself,
prompting her to have their own development and improvement. In other words, in
the process of education takes place very educational work of students. But
this work is due to stimulated and specially organized educational influence
teachers. Teachers pose educational problems, form the students related
requirements (activity), include them in activities, and thus encourage them to
work on yourself. It should be noted that younger students themselves often set
themselves certain goals and objectives of their own development and
self-improvement, plan ways to solve them and urging the inner desire, start
persevere.
Teachers - the
practice argue that elementary school students begin to engage in
self-education only when they already give yourself a clear report their
actions and deeds when they develop sposobnostk self-esteem, to understanding
their positive and negative qualities, and there is a need in their own
improvement.
Stages of formation of skills of self:
1. Decision.
(Selection or formation ideal to you
can seek in the process of self-education)
2. Self-cognition. (Identification and self-esteem development level quality and other characteristics of a person)
3. The choice of
means, a plan. (Provision required the
very plants that can help a person achieve a particular purpose of self)
4. Implementation
Plans (Practical work aimed at achieving formulated earlier of values) (by A.I. Kochetov)
Methods of formation of skills of self:
1. A method of
self-persuasion (the child himself reveals its flaws -naprimer: inability to
keep his word, the child convinces himself of the need to get rid of their
disadvantage. Effective method of self-persuasion is the recitation aloud:
"It is not good to give slovoi not keep it", "We must try to
keep his word").
2. The method of
self-hypnosis (the child himself to seek to influence their own mind and
feelings, often tell myself out loud how he will behave and what actions he
would not perform. For example, a student who has decided to do away with
swearing inspire myself muttering aloud: " I'm never eating bad words,
"" I do not suppose the speech of words").
3. Method itself
liabilities (Students are out to overcome at a particular disadvantage or
develop some positive quality, such as "neat homework in math," undertakes
to not be hasty, well think about the order to execute a teacher exercises, to
avoid errors and erasures. This obligation itself must repeatedly utter that it
was fixed in the minds).
4. The method of
self-criticism (student who revealed at a particular disadvantage, and set a
goal to get rid of it, exposes himself to self-criticism in order to mobilize
their volitional efforts to overcome its early. For example, the student drew
attention to the neglect of their notebooks starting to blame themselves in
this: "What I relaxed. What dirt in my notebooks. It is necessary to me
all laugh in class!" It should also be noted that such self-criticism must
be practiced until not achieved the goal).
5. The method of
empathy (mentally transfer yourself in the position of another person, his
feelings of empathy). (In the process of self-disciple develops at his positive
qualities and overcomes the negative, putting yourself in the position of
another person, sharing his feelings, and thus encourages himself to self-improvement).
6. The method of
self-constraint (self order). (Only applicable in cases where the student has
defined for itself certain rules of behavior. For example - "get up every
day at 7 am." Waking up at the appointed time, the student must bring
myself to get out of bed, muttering aloud or following words: "Immediately
get up! Stop lying for 7 hours").
7. The method of
self-punishment (in the process of self-disciple makes those or other
deviations from the planned rules. For example, the student do his homework, he
called and invited to walk. He agreed, but in the manner of self-punishment in
the next time it will deprive themselves of the opportunity to go for a walk.)
(by A.I. Kochetov).
To provide practical assistance to students in self-education.
For this purpose,
useful to discuss with their children the way you need to set goals for self
overcome any deficiencies in the conduct and character, how to use the methods
of self-persuasion, self-hypnosis, self coercion and other work on themselves.
Practical work on
the development of skills of self-education of younger schoolboys. First example of how to teach
children of primary school age different methods for the formation of
self-education in extracurricular activities are classes in the afternoon, most
of these studies relate to daycare or with the whole class class (small groups
of children), a class on the subject "Self-cognition" that are included in the basic curriculum of schools of Kazakhstan.
Self-cognition as a subject is intended to fulfill a key role in
creating the conditions for the formation of the moral foundations of
personality, its spiritual development and self-realization. Moral and
spiritual education that allows the individual to achieve harmony in the
physical, mental, spiritual, social and creative development, implemented in a
real educational practice in different ways and especially through the subject
"Self-cognition".
"Self-cognition" - this is a unique piece with a priceless
spiritual treasure, which makes the introduction to each person's spiritual and
moral, happy and joyful, kind and wise. The subject of "Self-cognition" is a prerequisite for self-development and
self-actualization, supports and assists students in acquiring essential skills
of a wide spectrum.
G.G. Solovyova
notes that Self-cognition - a meta subject
is to change the paradigm of the educational process, go to the new
philosophical foundations with a focus on spiritual priorities, on the
understanding of human beings as an integral unity of body and soul, mind and
heart. This creates favorable conditions for self-education of students.
At lessons the
students closer acquainted with their own "I", learn to evaluate
yourself to see yourself from the outside: its appearance, features and
behaviors, individual traits, subject to analysis their own successes and
achievements. Love, kindness, friendship - these simple words in the lesson on
self-knowledge takes on new meaning, become magical. The role of the subject
"Self-cognition" rated as important,
significant and integral part of the learning process. Students raise the level
of self-education and development, realize their creative potential.
At these sessions
the students can make offer "Card self-identity. In "Map of self" students are asked to identify
the following components:
- Analysis,
assessment of its shortcomings, setting a specific goal
self-education;
- Development of a
program of self-education;
- Identification of
methods of self;
- The work of a
person;
- Self control.
In "Map of
self" students make a list of your negative personality traits, negative
qualities are deleted and translated into positive ones. Then ranked in order
of importance: very important, important, desirable. And then put a specific
goal and specific tasks to work on 2-3 qualities.
Another form of work
is "time management" - the act or process of exercise conscious
control over the amount of time. This
type of work can be organized in a group (class schedule) and individually
(schedule specific pupil). Students
are encouraged to make a clear schedule for hours.
On self-education is
also necessary to conduct ethical conversation, to make these questions for
discussion of student meetings, devote their school evenings, meetings with
famous people, etc. The subjects of these forms of educational work can cover a
variety of aspects of the problem: "What is self-education,"
"How to overcome their shortcomings", "Methods of self",
"How great people to work on his own perfection" and others. It is
useful to students before to these issues were not only teachers but also
scientists, authors of works of children's literature, psychologists,
representatives of other professions. In conclusion, it should be noted that
self-education serves as an important means of personal development and
formation of students only on the condition that teachers pay due attention to
its organization and be able to skillfully and competently his guide.
References:
1. The State Program
for Development of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011 - 2020.
2010, 7 / XII.
2. G.G.
Solovyova, Self-cognition - pedagogy of love and creativity. //
"Samopoznanie.KZ», ¹1, 2012, p. 4-9.
3. A.G.
Kovalev, Personality educate
yourself. M .: Politizdat, 1983. -
255 p.
4. A.I.
Kochetov, On the possibilities of
self-cognition// Education. -1964.-¹ 10.-p. 51.
5. A.I.
Kochetov, Pedagogical bases of
self-education. - M .: Knowledge, 1974.287 p.
6. S.L.
Rubinstein, Problems of general
psychology. Ed. 2nd. M .: Pedagogy. 1976.-
416 p.
7. V.A.
Slastenin, I.F. Isaev, A.I. Mishchenko, E.N. Shiyanov,
Pedagogy / Ed. V.A.Slastenina. M .: The Academy, 1997.- 576 p.
8. V,V,
Ageev, Motivation as a subject of
learning activity. Bulletin KazNPU. Abaya. A series of Psychology», ¹1 (4). Almaty, 2004.