Баглай Алина Алексеевна
Студентка,
Северо-Кавказский филиал федерального государственного бюджетного
образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский Государственный
Университет Правосудия»
The
Role of Language in the International Law-Enforcement Organizations of the
Example of the Interpol
Language is one
of the main moments of existence of a society. Language plays a role of the
mechanism of social heredity.
Language is the
most important element of a society which is carrying out in it a number
of functions: communicative function,
law-enforcement function, information function, and ideological function.
The modern world
allows the people to join achievements of new technology, language values of
such world languages, as English, French, Russian, Chinese. However as a result
of globalization many languages and cultures can be lost. According to UNESCO
data, 50% of languages of the world are in danger, 90% of languages can
disappear until the end of this century.
It should be
noted a steady tendency of expansion of the sphere of distribution of English,
increase of learners and, as a result, strengthening of positions of the
Anglo-Saxon states.
In the modern
international relations the significant part is assigned to the international
organizations.
The international
organizations are secondary or derivative subjects of the international law and
are established by the states. The process of creation of the international
organizations includes three stages: adoption of constituent documents of the
organization; creation of its material structure; convocation of principal
organs and beginning of their functioning.
The most
widespread way of creation of the international organizations is the conclusion of the international
treaty. The names of this document can be various: statute (League of the
Nations); charter (UN or Organization of American States); convention (The
world postal union), etc.
In the
international legal mechanism of realization right application represents based
individual or collective activity of the states or other subjects for ensuring
realization of norms in specific situations on norms of international law.
Law-enforcement
activity represents a system of diverse actions of the basic and auxiliary
character, having the creative, organizing contents. It consists of the
development and actual implementation of the organizational measures directed
to providing the realization of instructions of rules of law in life. A
Law-enforcement body, extending legal norms to this or that specific vital
case, solves legal business, takes necessary organizational measures for
practical realization of rules of law. According to it application of the right
represents the activity which is carried out in special, law established forms.
Right application
has to meet such requirements, as legality, justice, expediency and validity.
There are several
types of law-enforcement activity:
Peacekeeping
forces are the armed contingents of the countries ensuring safety, political
support and assistance to peace-building in the countries leaving a conflict
situation.
Military bases
are the specially equipped state territories, important in the strategic
relation, intended for a dislocation of armed forces of any country.
Law-enforcement
activity begins with clarification of the actual circumstances. States or other
subjects of right application choose the ways and procedure of clarification of
circumstances which are considered to be the most suitable for this case if
such ways aren’t specially stipulated in the contract. Any procedure,
eventually, is reduced to obtaining information on the circumstances of
realization of norms, correctness and reliability. Naturally in this regard
there is the increasing attention to various special missions on the
establishment of the facts.
There are several
types of law-enforcement bodies:
The police is a
system of public services and bodies on protection of a public order. Problems
of protection of various objects, direct maintenance of an order can be
assigned to police in public places, regulations of traffic, the prevention of
accident rate, implementation of administrative control and supervision in
various fields of activity, executions of decisions of other government bodies
etc.
Militia is a name
of law-enforcement bodies (a police equivalent) in Russia after February
revolution and till 2011. The main functions of militia are maintenance of
signs of the state, protection of the rights of citizens and society.
Law-enforcement
bodies don’t exercise control and use information received during control
activity by special bodies. Investigation also assumes collection of
information about the specific facts by authorized bodies. The contracts
providing possibility of carrying out investigation, can define an order and
conditions of its carrying out.
The Interpol
which is the reduced name of the International Criminal Police Organization is
the international organization which main objective is association of efforts
of national law-enforcement agencies of the participating countries in the
field of fight against all-criminal crime.
The location of
constantly operating central bodies of the Interpol is Lyon, France.
There are 190
countries in the Interpol: Australia, Armenia, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany,
Denmark, Egypt, Israel, Spain, China, Russia and others.
Official
languages of the organization are English, Spanish, French, Arab.
The president of
the organization is Miley Balestrazi. Activity of the Interpol according to the
constitution the organization is limited to the constitution to be engaged in
the intervention or activity of political, military, religious and racial
character.
The supreme body
is the General assembly. President of the Interpol is elected and presides the
current work is assigned to General secretariat Secretary general directs its
work. Three times a year the advisory body of the Interpol is Executive
committee, which is elected by the General assembly as a part of 13 people
gathers. The main functions of the Executive committee are control of the work
of the Secretary general and execution of decisions of the General assembly,
and also preparation of programs of work of the organization and their
introducing for the consideration of the General assembly.
In each of the
countries entering the Interpol, in the structure of national law enforcement
agencies there are the National Central Bureaus which are bodies on the
interaction of national law enforcement agencies and the National Central
Bureaus of the Interpol of another countries and the General secretariat of the
Interpol.
The main
objective is coordination of efforts of the certain countries and carrying out
uniform policy in the field of fight against all-criminal crime.
Among other main
objectives it is possible to note coordination of the international search, and
also fight with the human trafficking, the organized criminal communities, drug
trafficking, crimes in the sphere of economy and high technology,
counterfeiting, a take of securities.
Nowadays much
attention is paid to public safety and fight against terrorism.