Law/1. History of State and Law
Candidate of law
Prikhodko M.A.
Moscow State University
of Law behalf of O.E. Kutafin, Russia
The War Department and the state system of the Russian
Empire at the beginning of the XIX
century
(Historical and legal aspects)
The establishment of the Ministry of military land forces was proclaimed Manifesto "On the establishment of the ministries" on September 8, 1802.
According to him, the State Military Board was subordinated to the Minister of military land forces, who was
appointed general of the infantry
(and former vice-president of the Military Collegium) S.K. Vyazmitinov.
Any other guidance on the structure
of establishing the Ministry of
military land forces manifesto
"On the establishment of the
ministries" on September 8,
1802 did not contain. Thus,
the basis of the Ministry of military
land forces became the unit of the Military Collegium.
In the development of the Ministry of military land forces in the organizational and functional plan is
a struggle between two tendencies on the one hand the gradual strengthening of
the military power of the Minister of the Army and unity of command, on
the other hand, the strengthening of the apparatus
of the Military Collegium and approval
of the mixed collectively-ministerial order management.
January 16, 1808 in accordance with the nominal decree weekly notes Military
Collegium longer delivered to the
head of the military camp of His Imperial Majesty's Chancellery, and on January 17, 1808 the Minister military ground
forces is the only speaker
to the Emperor on military matters.
Decree of 25 January
1808 was concretized competence
of the Military Collegium. The decree
listed items (of
28 items) by which the Military Collegium of the solution can perform without their
submission for approval to the Minister
of War.
January 26, 1808 Military camp imperial
office is subject to the Minister
of War, which meant the cessation of dual power in the central military command.
During the initial
period 1802-1810 ministerial
reform's approval of the
ministerial order management
in the War Ministry is extremely slow.
During the final period of the ministerial reform 1810-1811 War Ministry's structure has not changed.
The main legal acts
of the final period of the ministerial reform had no significant
effect either on the structural
organization of the Ministry of War, nor the order office
in it.
Manifesto "On
the division of public affairs at the
special management, the
definition of objects belonging
to each management" from July 25, 1810 confirmed the object reference of the
Ministry of War - a device external
security.
"The general establishment of the ministries" on June 25, 1811 marked
the main features in the object reference of the
Ministry of War: all military ground
forces, and also confirmed the
presence in the War Ministry of
the Military Collegium, as the
institution that connects all
departments.
The unit of the Military Collegium does not need
some changes, and a radical change in
all its divisions.
References:
1. Higher and central government departments
Rossii.1801-1917. Volume 4. St. Petersburg. 2004.
2. The state of Russia. Dictionary Directory. Book 1. Moscow. 1996.
3. Bicentennial of the War Ministry 1802-2002: Studies in the History of the War Ministry. Moscow. 2003.
4. Centennial of the War Ministry. Volume 1. St. Petersburg. 1902.