Lakhtin M.V., Lakhtin V.M., Afanasiev S.S., Bajrakova A.L., Aleshkin V.A.

G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology & Microbiology, Moscow, Russia

LEADER AND CONSORTIA MICROORGANISMS

IN HUMAN SYNBIOTOPE BALANCED MICROBIOCENOSIS

Summary

      Own results, suggestions and proposals concerning leader microorganisms (LM) are presented [1-58]. The properties and activities of LM are represented in accordance to our conception of human biotope multiknot antagonistic balanced microbiocenosis.

      Algorithm for screening of LM within interacting microbial pools/ populations is described. Biofilm forming (BF) in microbial cultural mixtures (on example of lactobacilli and Candida from the same biotope as one of biotope network knots) was used as one of key test in study of antagonistic biotope compartments (in additional to metabolic characterisrics of strains used). Ordering strains based on BF in monocultures and cultural mixtures of probiotic bacteria (PB) and yeast like fungi (YLF) into ranked/ ranged sequences was used in prognostic and diagnostic calculations of directed intermicrobial (between microbial populations) relationships, evaluation of species- and subspecies- dependent distribution microbial populations in biotope involving direct participation of LM.

      Coupled antagonistic microbial probiotic and relatively pathogenic compartments of human urogenital biotope were analyzed and compared. Probiotic biotope microbial compartment (on example lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) is involved in both protection and support of stable biotope healthy balance. LM of probiotic compartment influenced redistribution between potentially pathogenic (sub)species in biotope surroundings. 

      Probiotic biotope compartment can be extended or converted into synbiotic biotope systems. Probiotic lectins (PL) and glycoconjugates (GC) and their systems can serve as additional key protective ingredients of biotope probiotic compartment. These agents and their complexes increase biotope resistance to microbial pathogens; allow better address action of whole biotope protective system. Together with cell probiotics, molecular ingredients PL, GC and PL—GC complexes create basis for further constructing directed multistrain synbiotic synergistic systems of selected multifunctional action (influencing Quorum Sensing in microbiocenoses, Cross-Talk between microbiocenosis protection system and own human highly organized protective systems).   

      Gram-positive pathogens and YLF as important constituents of biotope relative pathogenic compartment were analyzed (on example of staphylococci and Candida species). Our conception of microbial prolonged communicative body can help in prognosis and diagnostics of pathogen associate/ continuous or discontinuous massive/ biofilm behavior in biotope when pathogens reply to contra-actions of pro/ synbiotic biotope compartment. Probiotic/ probiotic like LM (Gram-positive and yeasts) produce PL and multifunctional biologically active directed and ordered PL—GC systems possessing both antipathogen properties and cofunctioning actions together with own human protective systems.

      In the whole, results indicate that LM serve as one of key signal regulators, supervisors of microbiocenoses in human.

Investigation of LM can allow prediction of early intrinsic network relationships between any functionally coupled microbiocenosis pools of microbes, help in screening and constructing biotope microbial consortia. Other prospects and strategies of cofunctioning cell probiotics and prebiotics (based on PL and GC complexes) in biotope regulations of network directions of “Microbes - Microbes” and “Microbes - Organism” involving LM are also presented. In addition, probiotic Gram-positive and yeast multistrain consortia can be screened and predicted.

      Key words: microbiocenosis, biotope, probiotic compartment, relative pathogenic compartment, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, probiotics, pathogens, Candida, microecologic niches, bacteria-fungal biofilms, probiotic lectins, glycoconjugates, constructing consortia, prognostics, diagnostics.

      References

      1. Lakhtin M, Alyoshkin V, Lakhtin V, Afanasyev S,  Pozhalostina L et al. (2010) Probiotic Lactobacillus and bifidobacterial lectins against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus clinical strains: New class of pathogen biofilm destructors. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 2: 186-196. DOI: 10.1007/s12602-010-9046-3.

      2. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Aleshkin VA, Afanasiev SS, Aleshkin AV (2010). Lectins and enzymes in biology and medicine (in Russian). Moscow: “Dynasty“ Publishing House, 496 p. ISBN 978-5-98125-076-7.

      3. Lakhtin M, Lakhtin V, Bajrakova A, Afanasyev S, Alyoshkin V (2011) Human Biotope Probiotic Bacterial Lectins as Signal System Supporting Biotope Healthy Balance. Immunology 135, Supplement 1: 111. Online ISSN: 1365-2567.

      4. Lakhtin MV, Bajrakova AL, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Aleshkin VA et al. (2011) Probiotic Lectins of Human in Protection against Dysbioses in Different Human Biotopes (in Russian). Practical Phytotherapy (Moscow) 1: 4-13. ISBN5-88010-096-0

      5. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Aleshkin VA, Bajrakova AL, Afanasiev SS et al. (2011) Phyto- and Probiotic- Analog Therapy of Microfungal Infections: Theory and Practice Potential in the Development (in Russian). ARS MEDICA (Minsk, Belarussiya) 15: 183-187. ISSN 2220-5497

      6. Lakhtin MV, Karaulov AV, Lakhtin VM, Alyoshkin VA, Afanasyev SS et al. (2012) Lectin – glycoconjugate systems in human organism (in Russian). Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology (Moscow) No 1: 27-36. ISSN 0236-297X.

      7. Lakhtin VM, Lakhtin MV, Agapova YV, Belikova YV, Kulakova YV, Afanasyev SS, Alyoshkin VA (2012) Advantages of the probiotic “Acilact” compared to ingredient strains using algorithmic ranges of qualities (in Russian). Materiały VIII Międzynarodowej naukowi-praktycznej konferencji «Naukowa przestrzeń Europy - 2012» Vol. 32. – P. 50-57. Nauk biologicznych.: Przemyśl. Nauka i studia. ISBN 978-966-8736-05-6. DOI: 10.17686/sced_rusnauka_2012-1309

      8. Lakhtin M, Lakhtin V, Aleshkin A, Bajrakova A, Afanasiev S, Aleshkin V (2012) Lectin systems imitating probiotics: potential for biotechnology and medical microbiology. In: Probiotics 2012, Edited by E.C. Rigobelo. New York, InTech, 2012: 417 – 432. ISBN 978-953-51-0776-7.

      9. Lakhtin MV, Bajrakova AL, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Aleshkin VA  (2012)  Lectins of probiotics – new class of signal molecules of Quorum Sensing (in Russian). Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Moscow) 57(9): 82-83.

      10. Lakhtin VM, Aleshkin AV, Lakhtin V, Afanasiev SS, Aleshkin VA (2012) Bacteriophages and lactic acid bacteria: The review (in Russian). Bulletin of Eastern-Siberian Scientific Center of SB RAMS (No 5; Part 1): 382 – 385.

      11. Lakhtin MV, Bajrakova AL, Lakhtin VM, Aleshkin AV, Afanasiev SS, Aleshkin VA (2012) Cofunctioning of multicomponent probiotic lectins and potential biotope probiotic compartment on example of autoregulating lactobacillar system (in Russian). Bulletin of Eastern-Siberian Scientific Center of SB RAMS (No 5; Part 1): 250-253.

      12. Lakhtin MV, Afanasiev SS, Lakhtin VM, Aleshkin VA (2012) Predicting survival and death of microbial pathogen associares in the presence of lectins of probiotics: significance for therapy (in Russian). Bulletin of Eastern-Siberian Scientific Center of SB RAMS (No 5; Part 1): 254-256.

      13. Lakhtin VM, Lakhtin MV, Alyoshkin AV, Afanasyev SS et al. (2012) Exopolymers of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria: New approaches and properties (in Russian). Bulletin of Eastern-Siberian Scientific Center of SB RAMS (No 5; Part 1): 257 – 261.

      14. Lakhtin V, Lakhtin M, Belikova Y,  Agapova Y, Kulakova Y, Afanasiev S, Aleshkin V (2012) The ranging new features as a practical approach to construct new probiotic consortium formulas. Archive of Disease in Childhood  97 (Supplement 2): A130. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-302724.0445. ISSN No: 0003-9888.  

      15. Lakhtin VM, Bajrakova AL, Lakhtin MV, Afanasiev SS  (2013) Algorithm of ordering sets of mixed microorganisms from the same human biotope depending on biofilm forming, for revealing  Candida tropicalis è Lactobacillus strains regulating mixed biofilms (in Russian). Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Moscow) 58(9): 75-76.

      16. Lakhtin MV, Afanasiev SS, Lakhtin VM, Bajrakova AL, Aleshkin AV, Aleshkin VA (2013) New aspects of pathogenicity of yeast like fungi and antifungal strategies (in Russian). Advances in Medical Mycology (Moscow) 11: 25-28. ISBN 978-5-901578-18-6, ISSN 2310-9467.

      17. Lakhtin MV, Afanasiev SS, Lakhtin VM, Bajrakova AL, Aleshkin AV, Aleshkin VA (2013) New approaches to prognostics and diagnostics of biotope mycoses (in Russian). Advances in Medical Mycology (Moscow) 11: 28-29. ISBN 978-5-901578-18-6, ISSN 2310-9467. 

      18. Lakhtin VM, Lakhtin MV, Bajrakova AL, Afanasiev SS (2013) Strategy and tactics of relatively pathogenic micromycetes as communicative bodies: Candida in conditions of stress, “Gap—Bank” as universal reply (in Russian). Advances in Medical Mycology (Moscow) 11: 30-33. ISBN 978-5-901578-18-6, ISSN 2310-9467.

      19. Lakhtin VM, Lakhtin MV, Bajrakova AL, Afanasiev SS (2013) Candida albicans: New Aspects of Patogenicity, Interaction to Antifungals, Biofilms and Preventive Anti-Candida Strategies - The Overview of Own Works. In: Candida Albicans: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment Options. Eds LA. Dietrich and TS. Friedmann. N Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2013: 145-152. ISBN: 978-1-62808-883-0(eBook). ISBN: 978-1-62808-882-3. 

      20. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Aleshkin AV, Afanasiev SS, Aleshkin VA (2013) Functional similarities and differences between new lectin systems in human organism: protein hormone and probiotic bacterial. Glycoconjugate J 30: 370. DOI 10.1007/s10719-013-9474-x.

      21. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Aleshkin AV, Afanasiev SS, Aleshkin VA (2013) Differences and similarities between new probiotic bifidobacterial and lactobacillus lectin systems interacting to glycoconjugates. Glycoconjugate J 30: 375-376. DOI 10.1007/s10719-013-9474-x.  

      22. Lakhtin VM, Bajrakova AL, Lakhtin MV, Aleshkin AV, Afanasiev SS, Aleshkin VA (2013) Modulation of biofilms by human microbial potential consortia: conception of extended biotope probiotic compartment, prognostic patterns (in Russian). Bulletin of Eastern-Siberian Scientific Center of SB RAMS (No 2; Part 1): 120-123.

      23. Lakhtin MV, Afanasiev SS, Lakhtin VM, Aleshkin VA (2013) New Glycoconjugates-recognizing Systems in Cultural Fluids of Perspective Probiotic Strains of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli (in Russian). Materiały IX Międzynarodowej naukowipraktycznej konferencji «Wykształcenie i nauka bez granic – 2013» Vol 37, 64-68. Nauk biologicznych. Przemyśl: Nauka i studia, 2013. ISBN 978-966-8736-05-6. DOI: 10.17686/sced_rusnauka_2013-1314

      24. Lakhtin MV, Afanasiev SS, Lakhtin VM, Aleshkin VA (2014) Glycoconjugates-recognizing systems of bacterial cultures (in Russian). Materiały X Międzynarodowej naukowi-praktycznej konferencji «Kluczowe aspekty naukowej działalności - 2014» Vol.16. - P. 17-21. Nauk biologicznych. Fizyczna kultura i sport.: Przemyśl. Nauka i studia. ISBN 978-966-8736-05-6. DOI: 10.17686/sced_rusnauka_2014-1316

      25. Lakhtin M, Bajrakova A, Lakhtin V, Afanasiev S, Aleshkin V (2014) Lectins of human probiotic bacteria influence biorhythmic landscapes of human biofilms “Candida – Aspergillus/Penicillium”: resistant in time lysis regions possessing synergistic broadened antimicrobial spectrum. Proceedings of the 6th Advances against Aspergillosis conference . The Programme, Session 1, Poster 34.

      26. Lakhtin MV, Afanasiev SS, Lakhtin VM, Bajrakova AL, Aleshkin VA (2014) Lectins of human probiotic bacteria prevent dissemination of  mixed  biofilms “Candida + Aspergillus” of human urogenital biotope  mycobiota (in Russian). Advances in Medical Mycology (Moscow) 12: 34-37. ISBN 978-5-901578-18-6, ISSN 2310-9467.

      27. Lakhtin MV, Bajrakova AL, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Aleshkin VA (2014) Suppression of antibiotic-resistant Candida biofilm forming in the presence of human urogenital biotope lactobacilli (in Russian). Advances in Medical Mycology (Moscow) 12: 38-41. ISBN 978-5-901578-18-6, ISSN 2310-9467.

      28. Lakhtin VM, Lakhtin MV, Belikova YV, Bajrakova AL, Afanasiev SS (2014) Evaluation of coupled metabolomes of species and strains of biotope lactobacilli and Candida: Ways of increasing biotope resistance in the presence of antibiotics (in Russian).  Advances in Medical Mycology (Moscow) 12: 42-45. ISBN 978-5-901578-18-6, ISSN 2310-9467. 

      29. Lakhtin VM, Bajrakova AL, Lakhtin MV, Afanasiev SS (2014) System evaluation of resistance and sensitivity of urogenital population biotope Candida genus, species and strains (potential participants of candidiases) to antimycotics (in Russian). Advances in Medical Mycology (Moscow) 12: 187-190. ISBN 978-5-901578-18-6, ISSN 2310-9467.

      30. Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Bajrakova AL, Lakhtin MV, Aleshkin VA (2014) Antibiotics as selective ordering redistributors of eukaryotic human microbiocenosis : Example of population urogenital biotope Candida pool (in Russian). Infectious diseases (12, supplemnet 1): 171. ISSN 1729-9225.

      31. Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Lakhtin MV, Bajrakova AL, Aleshkin VA (2014) Diagnostics of  destabilizing ordering biotope relatively pathogenic patient strains in the presence of probiotic like bacterial pool  from the same population biotope (in Russian). Infectious diseases (12, supplement 1): 171-172. ISSN 1729-9225.

      32. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Bajrakova AL, Aleshkin VA et al. (2014) Role of leader strains of  one species in ordering, initiation and switching of coexisting (sub)populations of microbes of other  species (in Russian). Medicine in XXI age: tendencies and prospects [Òåxt] : III International Intedrnet-conference: Materials of Conference (Kazan, Aprel 16, 2014) / Servis of virtual conferences Grid ;Sinyayev DN - Kazazn: IP Sinyayev DN , 2014: 143-146. ISBN978-5-906217-52-3.

      33. Lakhtin M, Lakhtin V, Bajrakova A, Afanasiev S (2014) Approach to prognosticate metabolic coupled net of biotope microbial strains using ranging cultural biofilm forming: directions between Lactobacillus and Candida. Proceedings of the 13th Bratislava Symposium on Saccharides “Recent Advances in Glycomics“: 110. ISBN 978-80-971665-0-2. ISSN 1339-7036.

      34. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Aleshkin VA, Afanasiev MS (2014) Coherent system “Lectins—Exopolymeric substances” in cultures of human probiotic bacteria (in Russian). Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Moscow) 59(9): 82-83.

      35. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Bajrakova AL, Afanasiev SS, Aleshkin VA (2014) Multiknot conception of human biotope microbiocenosis: Network of relationships of processes of biofilm forming involving lactobacilli and Candida (in Russian). Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Moscow) 59(9):  83.

      36. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Bajrakova AL, Belikova YV, Aleshkin VA, Afanasiev MS (2014) Interaction between  pools of lactobacilli and Candida from the same biotope results in species-dependent ordering  biofilm forming in mixed cultures: revealing three microecosystems within functionally closed group of Candida (C. albicans and C. tropicalis) (in Russian). Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Moscow) 59(9): 83-84.

      37. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Bajrakova AL, Belikova YV, Afanasiev MS (2014) Prognosis of influence of Candida pools on biofilm forming by species of lactobacilli from the same biotope (in Russian). Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Moscow) 59(9): 84.

      38. Lakhtin M, Lakhtin V, Bajrakova A, Afanasiev S (2014) Calculation of the Coupled System “Lactobacillus-Candida” of Balanced Multispecies Knot of Biotope Network Depending on Biofilm Forming. BIOspektrum Issue VAAM Conference Proceedings: 296. ISSN 0947-0867.

      39. Lakhtin M, Lakhtin V, Afanasiev S, Bajrakova A, Aleshkin V et al. (2014) Human Healthy Status Supported by Probiotic Systems Recognizing Glycoconjugates: One more Strategy of Supporting Healthy Biotope. European Science and Technology [Text] : materials of the IX international research and practice conference, Munich, December 24th – 25th, 2014 / publishing office Vela Verlag Waldkraiburg – Munich – Germany, 2014 – pp.414-422. ISBN 978-3-941352-42-1.

      40. Lakhtin M, Lakhtin V, Bajrakova A, Afanasiev S (2015)  Address Action of Lactobacillus Multispecies Pools Towards Extended Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis Pool. BIOspectrum Issue VAAM Conference Proceedings: 182-183.  

      41. Lakhtin V, Bajrakova A, Lakhtin M, Afanasiev S, Aleshkin V (2015)  Prognostic Evaluation of Antimycotic Status of Human Urban Urogenital Candida multispecies Biotope. BIOspectrum Issue VAAM Conference Proceedings: 203.

      42. Lakhtin M, Lakhtin V, Afanasiev S, Bajrakova A, Aleshkin V (2015) Conception of On Duty Molecular-Cellular Probiotic Lectins Systems in Human Stabilized Microcenosis Biotope. BIOspectrum Issue VAAM Conference Proceedings: 195.

      43. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Karaulov AV, Bajrakova AL, Afanasiev MS, Aleshkin VA (2015) Evaluation of infectious diseases risk induced with consortia of biotope populations of Candida strains in absence of probiotic like strains of bacteria from the same biotope (in Russian). Infectious diseases (Moskva) (13, supplement 1): 189-190.

      44. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Karaulov AV, Korsun VF, Aleshkin VA, Afanasiev MS (2015) Fungal biofilms: leader role of initiator of assembling in prolongation of resistance and degradation (in Russian). Advances in Medical Mycology (Moscow) 14: 196-198. ISBN 978-5-901578-18-6, ISSN 2310-9467. Doi: 10.14427/amm2015.xiv.04 

      45. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Bajrakova AL, Afanasiev SS (2015) Mutual influence of yeast like fungi and Gram-positive bacteria on biofilm forming: potential and prospects (in Russian). Advances in Medical Mycology (Moscow) 14: 199-201. ISBN 978-5-901578-18-6, ISSN 2310-9467. Doi: 10.14427/amm2015.xiv.04  04 

      46. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Aleshkin AV, Aleshkin VA (2015) Glycoconjugates-induced  increasing  antifungal action of  probiotic complex glycoconjugates-recognizing systems (in Russian). Advances in Medical Mycology (Moscow) 14: 355-357. ISBN 978-5-901578-18-6, ISSN 2310-9467. Doi: 10.14427/amm2015.xiv.08  04 

      47. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Aleshkin VA, Afanasiev SS (2015) Microbiocenosis protection of human biotope on the basis of both regulation of antiinfectious resistance and complement system involving probiotic lectins (in Russian). Medical immunology (Sankt-Petersburg) (17, Special issue):  116.

      48. Lakhtin V, Lakhtin M, Afanasiev S, Bajrakova A, Aleshkin V (2015) Search of strain pool compositions of interacting microorganisms stabilizing human biotope when known panels of antibiotics will be used in therapy. Proceedings of the conference EUROBIOFILMS 2015. Abstract Book: 84.

      49. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Bajrakova AL, Aleshkin VA (2015) Diagnostics of communicative body of pathogenic microorganisms in the presence of lectins of human probiotic bacteria (in Russian). Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Moscow) 60(9): 70-71.

      50. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev S S, Aleshkin VA (2015). Ranging macroparameters of cultures of Gram-positive bacteria for constructing consortia and strains on example of bifidobacteria and lactobatcilli (in Russian). Ìàòåðèàëè çà 11-à ìåæäóíàðîäíà íàó÷íà ïðàêòè÷íà êîíôåðåíöèÿ, «Îáðàçîâàíèåòî è íàóêàòà íà XXI âåê», - 2015. Òîì 7: 25-28. Ëåêàðñòâî. Áèîëîãèè. Åêîëîãèÿ. Õèìèÿ è õèìè÷åñêè òåõíîëîãèè. Ñåëñêî ñòîïàíñòâî. Ñîôèÿ. «Áÿë ÃÐÀÄ-Áû ÎÎÄ. ISBN 978-966-8736-05-6. DOI link: http://doi.org/10.17686/sced_rusnauka_2016-1808

      51. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Bajrakova AL, Aleshkin VA (2015) Biofilm forming in human biotope microbiocenosis: The model of prognostic calculations of intermicrobial relationships (in Russian). Bulletin of Eastern-Siberian Scientific Center of SB RAMS (Irkutsk, Russia) No 3: 56-62.   

      52. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Aleshkin VA (2015) Mucosal immunity against pathogens andò tumors involving system “Lectins of Probiotics—Glycopolymers” (in Russian). Bulletin of Eastern-Siberian Scientific Center of SB RAMS (Irkutsk, Russia) No 3: 63-71.

      53. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Aleshkin VA(2015) Cofunctioning protective systems: Mucosal immunity and human complement system (in Russian). Bulletin of Eastern-Siberian Scientific Center of SB RAMS (Irkutsk, Russia) No 5: 113-122.

      54. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Aleshkin VA (2015) Diversity of lectin systems of probiotic bacteria (in Russian). Bulletin of Eastern-Siberian Scientific Center of SB RAMS (Irkutsk, Russia) No 5: 79-82.

      55. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Aleshkin VA (2015) Relationships between complement system, Toll like receptors, antigens CD and cytokines in normal and pathology. The review (in Russian). Bulletin of Eastern-Siberian Scientific Center of SB RAMS (Irkutsk, Russia) No 6: 62-66.

      56. Lakhtin M, Lakhtin V, Afanasiev S, Aleshkin V (2015) Mucosal innate immunity involves system “Lectins of probiotics—Glycopolymers” against pathogens. In: The Battle Against Microbial Pathogens: Basic Science, Technological Advances and Educational Programs. A. Méndez-Vilas (Ed.). Formatex Research Center.  Volume 2: 668-677. ISBN (13): 978-84-942134-7-2, December 2015.

      57. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS (2015) Acilact – multistrain antagonistic  system of degradation and cytolysis (in Russian). Materiały XI Międzynarodowej naukowi-praktycznej konferencji «Nauka i inowacja - 2015» Volume 9: 66-69. Medycyna. Nauk biologicznych.: Przemyśl. Nauka i studia - 96 str. ISBN 978-966-8736-05-6. DOI link: http://doi.org/10.17686/sced_rusnauka_2016-1797

      58. Lakhtin MV, Lakhtin VM, Afanasiev SS, Bajrakova AL, Karaulov AV, Afanasiev MS, Aleshkin VA (2016) Mobile synbiotope microbiocenosis against pathogens (in Russian). Bulletin of Eastern-Siberian Scientific Center of SB RAMS (Irkutsk, Russia). No 3: In press.