Doctor of Economics, professor Dulambaeva R.T., Syzdykova
Ainur
Kazakh national
University named after al – Farabi, Kazakhstan
DEVELOPMENT OF
AGRICULTURE IN KAZAKHSTAN
Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy and the
degree of its development completely depends not only on the level of food
security of the country, but the world food problem solution. the earth's
population in 2012 amounted to 7 billion people, and along with the achievement
of a new milestone to the world food problem arose - the search for new ways of
development of agrarian and industrial complex. Stabilization and further
development of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan is impossible without
strengthening the role of the state and support this industry.
In the context of
the global crisis, the best support of any economy - heavily own production.
Kazakhstan - is no exception. Strengthening and development of Kazakhstan's
production is one of the most important vectors of development of the state, as
a strong, competitive, dynamic entity of the global market for goods and
services. Today in our country adopted and implemented a lot of different
concepts for the development of Kazakhstan's production, which have as their
objective an increase in the share of domestic products in the domestic market.
Any national company providing a full production cycle - from production, to
delivery of finished products from raw materials of Kazakhstan's Kazakh
consumers - the most powerful pillar of a strong and healthy economy.
Strengthening and
development of Kazakhstan's production is one of the most important vectors of
development of the state, as a strong, competitive, dynamic entity of the
global market for goods and services. Today in our country adopted and
implemented a lot of different concepts for the development of Kazakhstan's
production, which have as their objective an increase in the share of domestic
products in the domestic market. Any national company providing a full
production cycle - from production, to delivery of finished products from raw
materials of Kazakhstan's Kazakh consumers - the most powerful pillar of a
strong and healthy economy.
Currently,
Kazakhstan's economy depends on raw material industries. As the President of
the Republic of Kazakhstan, in his message, we need to create an independent
economy on raw materials, that is, our goal is innovative industrialization of
the country.
Currently,
Kazakhstan's economy depends on raw material industries. As the President of
the Republic of Kazakhstan, in his message, we need to create an independent
economy on raw materials and to pay due attention to the agro-industrial
complex.
AIC is an
important sector of economy of Kazakhstan to ensure food security and
employment. It is based on agriculture, it employs 25.4% of the total
working-age population, and is formed by 4.5-5% of GDP. [1]
Table 1. The share of
agriculture in GDP for the period 2010-2015
|
|
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
|
GDP,
million tenge |
29 379 779,9 |
32 193 753,1 |
37 085 327,9 |
40 754 832,5 |
40 877 420,5 |
|
|
Agriculture, In
% of GDP |
4,7 |
4,0 |
4,4 |
4,2 |
4,8 |
|
|
Note:
compiled by the author according to the Kazakh Statistics Agency [2]. |
||||||
During 2015 Agriculture as% of GDP
is 4.8% comparing with the year 2014 the level of agriculture.
Figure - 1. Gross value
added of agriculture, million tenge [2].
In Figure 1 you
can see an increase in the growth rate of GVA of agriculture since 2012. Since
2012, GVA grew by KZT 484,252.7. However, in the AIC of the country still has a
number of disadvantages - the slow pace of structural and technological
modernization of the industry, an unsatisfactory level of development of market
infrastructure, small-scale agricultural production, the financial instability
of the industry, the lack of private investment in the development of the
industry, the shortage of qualified personnel state spends Today to support the
agricultural sector program. State support for agriculture is an integral part
of agricultural policy and addresses the security concerns of the population
with quality and affordable food products. Developed countries, where
governments allocate significant funds to support agriculture by encouraging
the modernization of equipment and technologies of agricultural production,
have achieved good results in the food security of the population at the same
time solving the problem of the competitiveness of agricultural products on
domestic and foreign markets.
Figure - 1. Forms of
state support of the agro-industrial complex [3].
Support Formats Straight Subsidies on agricultural production and logistical
resources; interest rate subsidies on loans; subsidies to compensate part
of the costs of farmers on crop insurance; and etc. Indirect Preferential taxation; the purchase of agricultural products
and foodstuffs for state needs; and purchasing intervention grain and
others. Mediated The implementation of the various
programs that are not directly related to the agro production;
implementation of training programs and retention of young professionals
in rural areas.
Nowdays, it is advisable
to display the AIC to a new level. In order to strengthen the competitiveness
of agro-industrial complex in the conditions of Kazakhstan's accession to the
WTO the government should work towards the formation of an effective system of
agribusiness, rationalization measures of state support for agricultural
production, the optimization of state agribusiness management [3 pp1-2].
Food security is
a prerequisite for the physical survival of the population, the preservation of
its statehood and sovereignty. Without their own food all other components of
national security are losing their significance. At the same time stable and
sustainable development of agriculture and processing industry is the basis of
food security are an important life support system. We need to develop a) state
regulation of agro-industrial complex of the economy to ensure food security;
b) the price mechanism; c) financial and credit mechanism; d) the tax system; e)
Agromarketing [4, pp 11-14.].
References
1. Қазақстан
Pеспубликасының Пpезиденті - Елбасы Н.Ә.Назаpбаевтың
«Қазақстан-2050» стpатегиясы қалыптасқан
мемлекеттің жаңа саяси бағыты» атты Қазақстан
халқына Жолдауы
2. Агенство
по статистике РК. Интегрированные счета. Основные показатели. Структура ВВП 2011-2015. Электронный
ресурс. Режим доступа:
3. Габдуалиева
Р.С. // Проблемы формирования
инновационной политики в аграрной экономике региона. Электронный
ресурс. Режим доступа: regnet.uran.ru/ej/file-or/208
4. Кайгородцев
А.А. Производство биологического топлива и продовольственная безопасность//
Научни дни-2012. Международная научно-практическая конференция. София, 2012. Т.
5. С. 11-14.