Master student Sergaliyeva R.T.,
Candidate of Economic Sciences, Professor, Bugubayeva
R.O.
Karaganda Economic University of Kazpotrebsoyuz,
Kazakhstan
Modernization of government service in the Republic of
Kazakhstan
The Republic of Kazakhstan is in the process of optimizing and improving
the structure of government for several years, the purpose of which is to
create a professional Government that can effectively decide current and future
issues of Kazakhstan's development. The formation of modern high-performance government
service is one of the key problems that is putting forward.
By 2050, Kazakhstan plans to enter the top 30 developed countries of the
world. To achieve this strategic goal, the government adopted the policy of
rapid modernization in the economic, social and political spheres. It becomes
increasingly clear that the successful implementation of modernization is
impossible without an efficiently functioning state administration system.
Development strategy of Kazakhstan until 2050 envisages further
strengthening of statehood and development of Kazakhstani democracy. The goal
is to create a new type of state management, strengthen the responsibility of
state authorities for development of plans and programs to create an integrated
system of state audit on the basis of best international practice, to introduce
a multilevel system of crisis response, to decentralize management, to create a
professional state apparatus. The head of state noted: "our system of
selection and promotion of personnel, in which all citizens have equal rights
and chances, provided a sufficiently high level of professionalism and
transparency of the government staff. We managed to make a kind of revolution
in the state administration and to refocus it on improving the quality of state
services to the population." In this regard, the problems of modernization
of government service in the Republic remain relevant given the new tasks and
prospects of development of the government and society.
Modernization of government service which is held in Kazakhstan implies
the transition of Kazakhstan from the position of the open model to the
classical career system of government service, is typical for many countries of
continental Europe (France, Germany, etc.). The expected results of the reform
are: achieving government service authority among the population, the effective
work of state bodies, ensuring a stable cadre of public authorities in
numerical and professional attitude, elimination of corruption and other
criminal manifestations among public servants. This is exactly what the society
expects from a modern government service.
The choice of long-term strategies, determining priorities,
modernization of government service under the realities of the XXI century
require the government and people of great effort, firmness, flexibility,
discipline and creativity. Professionalization of government staff will give
the possibility to successfully overcome all the existing problems in the
country. In their understanding the concept of "government service"
should be synonymous with "serving the nation (society)" [1].
An important step to achieve the goals was the transfer of all state
bodies to control the "eventual results". The result of the formation
of the new model will be a professional government service, focused on the result
and high-quality government services, also matching the actual needs of the
state and socio-economic development.
In March 2015, Nursultan Nazarbayev has initiated the five institutional
reforms to improve the functioning of government staff and improve the
efficiency of government:
1) the formation of the modern government staff;
2) the provision of primacy of law;
3) industrialization and economic growth;
4) the future of a unified nation;
5) transparent and accountable government.
In May the state program "Plan of the nation - 100 concrete steps
on implementation of five institutional reforms" was approved [2]. For the
enforcement of these reforms the national Commission on modernization under the
leadership of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan was created. The
Commission includes five working groups, consisting of domestic and foreign
experts.
These institutional reforms in key development sectors of the country
are an integral part of the program on realization of Strategy "Kazakhstan
- 2050", which foresees fundamental changes to the economic and social
structure of Kazakh society due to the transition to a comprehensive economic
pragmatism on the principles of profitability, return from investments and
competitiveness, which imposes new demands to government administration.
Modernization in this area involves improving the system of state planning,
decentralized control, building effective and performance-oriented government
service. However, the solution of these problems is impossible without a
professional government staff and modern management technologies. A special
section of Strategy is devoted to strengthening of statehood and development of
Kazakhstan democracy, the formation of a new type of public administration that
meets the demands of serving the nation.
Next important step in the
modernization of government staff has been the enforcement of the new Law
"On government service of the Republic of Kazakhstan" from January 1,
2016 [3].
The law is aimed at improving the professionalization and efficiency of government staff through the introduction of
efficient and transparent mechanisms to enter government service, the
assessment system and career planning, creation of administrative body
"A" and increasing the role of personnel services, improvement of
incentives and motivation of state officials, ethics and anti-corruption
measures.
Among the innovations the following can be mentioned:
- identification of the personnel reserve of administrative government
service of administrative body "A";
- clarification of the term "bonus" as monetary payments, set
by state officials on the results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of
their activities;
- extension of the list of main principles of government service;
- mainstreaming into the duties of state officials providing information
security in the process of work with information resources of the public
authority;
- update the prerequisites of admission to government service;
- extension of selection of personnel reserve of administrative government
service;
- determining the exact working day hours of state officials (five-day
working week with two days off);
- a substantial extension of the provisions on rotation of state
officials;
- change of terms of imposition of disciplinary sanctions, etc.
All these innovations are accompanied by measures of socialization of
employees, training of new administrative culture based on the principles of serving
to the nation, honesty and integrity. Provides for the development of a new
code of Ethics of the state officials and the establishment of a authorized
officials on ethics [4].
In order to improve the efficiency of anti-corruption events held within
the modernization of government service (in 2013, Kazakhstan was ranked 140th
out of 177 countries in 2015 123 place among 167 countries in the corruption
perception Index of Transparency International), in the course of the reforming
of the government service the following measures with anti-corruption character
are implementing:
- the introduction of competitive selection for the vacant position of
administrative state officials, official (public) adjuration;
- adoption of Code of honor (rules of ethics);
- introducing the duty to inform the official (eligible appointment)
about the contradiction between the private interests of a state official and
his powers;
- restriction of joint service of close relatives in the same public
authority;
- provision of the Declaration on incomes;
- transfer of property in trust management;
- ensuring transparency of the privatization process, the activities of
the national companies and state enterprises, and private companies;
- the adoption of specific solutions in the field of tax policy, subsoil
use and land matters;
- opening of service centers on the principle of "one window"
when a citizen can in one place to execute all necessary documents [5]. These
measures will contribute to strengthening the efforts for fighting against corruption
offence and improving ant-corruption policy in Kazakhstan.
Also one of directions of modernization of government service of the
country is the creation of e-government. The creation of e-government was
necessary in order to make the work of the authorities more effective,
transparent and accessible to citizens.
Electronic government is the integrated mechanism of interaction between
the government and citizens, state agencies with each other, ensuring
consistency with the help of information technology. This mechanism helped to
reduce queues to state authorities and to simplify and expedite the receipt of
certificates, permits and many others. Improving the work of state authorities
is one of the most important areas in the reform of government staff. January
31, 2017 in the Message of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.
Nazarbayev to people of Kazakhstan "the Third modernization of Kazakhstan:
global competitiveness" was mentioned: "the processes of rendering government
services should be as optimized. Need to reduce the time and the list of
documents to eliminate duplicate formalities. Thus it is necessary to transfer
them to a fully electronic format, without compulsory physical presence".
However, it should also be noted that, in practice, the implementation
of "E-government" was faced with the problem of the lack of a
critical mass of citizens who are ready to fully use e-GOV services. Kazakhstan
has not been given due attention to improving skills to use new and unusual for
people systems and increase the level of computer literacy, especially in the
regions.
Innovation in the modernization of government staff in the current year
was the address of President Nursultan Nazarbayev on 26 January 2017 [6]. It
refers to the redistribution of powers between branches of government.
According to the Head of state, the new reform – the President gave some of his
powers to Parliament and the Government. This, in his opinion, increases the
effectiveness of the control system.
For the President in the new environment, the priorities will be
strategic functions, role of Supreme arbiter in relations between the branches
of government. The President will also focus on foreign policy, national
security and defense of the state. The role of the Government and Parliament
will increase.
The proposed program will create a margin of stability of the political
system; enhance the role of the Government and Parliament, and thereby provide
a more efficient mechanism of response to modern challenges. The reform
programme shows that our country is going in the direction of democratic
development. All of this is in the future development of the country and
correspond to the Five institutional reforms. The fifth paragraph of the
"open Government" and assumed a serious redistribution of powers.
In conclusion, it should be emphasized that today a fairly effective
model of government service that meets recognized international standards in Kazakhstan
has been formed. Government service in Kazakhstan has great potential for its development.
As the President of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev said in his program
"the plan of nation is the path to the Kazakhstani dream", a
modernization of government service is a key mechanism for the success of the
plan of the modernization process in Kazakhstan." And in our view, every
citizen of Kazakhstan, who is the conductor of these reforms have to work hard
and to make every effort for the quality of their implementation.
Reference list
1.
Kaparov
S.G. Modernisation of the public service in the Republic of Kazakhstan:
Textbook. - Astana: Acad. state. Ex. under the President of RK, 2010-212s.
2.
Plan
the nation - 100 concrete steps to implement the five institutional reforms //
Information Portal https://www.zakon.kz.
3.
Law
of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated November 23, 2015 № 416-V «On State Service
of the Republic of Kazakhstan" / / The Ministry of Civil Service Affairs
of the Republic of Kazakhstan
4.
Human
Resource Management: A Textbook. Ed. 2nd, ext. and rev. / Pod Society. Ed.
A.I.Turchinova. - M .: Publishing House of RAGS, 2008. - 608 p.
5.
Baymenov
A.M. Some features and tendencies of development of public service in the
Republic of Kazakhstan // Sayasattanu-Politics. - 2010. - № 2. - S. 80-84