Педагогические науки /4. Стратегические направления реформирования системы образования
Dr. Sc.,
Professor Karabayeva A.G.
Dr. Sc., Professor Ismagambetova Z.N.
al-Faraby Kazakh National University, Republic of Kazakhstan
The values
and
principles of tolerance in
the educational process
The phenomenon of tolerant attitudes
and correlations determines the quality and state of intercultural dialogue.
The problem of tolerance makes it possible to assess the parameters and
conditions for the development of global socio-political and cultural
experience. Tolerance reflects the characteristics of self-understanding of
modern man in the world and society. The phenomenon of tolerance allows us to
evaluate the modernization of the education system and its technologies based
on the most important socio-axiological criteria and assessments. The problem
of tolerance as educational factor reveals actual meaning and role of vale
consciousness in the period of globalization, social modernization, in the context
of the problems of harmonization of values, ways, strategies and
goals of cultural, social, political, ethnic development in the epoch of transformation
and new principles of organization of the human community and development of
society.
The
phenomenon of tolerance relates to all spheres of human life in contemporary conditions.
Tolerance acquires a special meaning as a personal value and strategy of human
behavior. Tolerance is becoming the most important universal concept of culture and educational paradigm. The formation of
critical thinking and tolerant worldview in a multipolar world is an urgent and
demanded socio-cultural problem. The education system plays an important role
in the formation of a tolerant worldview and behavior.
Various factors of educational system are taken into account in the context of the actual
problems of tolerant behavior. The process of education has an influence on the
formation of a tolerant worldview including impact of media structures and new
computer technologies. The problem of tolerance as educational factor acquires
special meaning in the era of widespread aggravation of the problems of
harmonizing and correlation of the values, motives, interests and
goals of cultural, social, political ethnic development in the era of
globalization and modernization of contemporary society [1, p. 73]. The principle of tolerance is
becoming a new and important principle of the organization of the human
community at all levels and in all spheres of human life.
The
tolerance acquires a special meaning as a person's value and strategy of human
behavior in modern conditions. Tolerance is becoming the most important l concept
and value of culture and educational structures. It is difficult to immediately
discover the features of "ethical competence" the direct perception
of the norms of tolerant attitude or the appropriate style of tolerant behavior
in the educational environment. Tolerance in each particular situation has very
definite perspective of embodiment and objectification. The principles of
tolerance are embodied in social relationships and civil institutions, in the
spiritual and moral experience of communication, positive cultural and value
transformation. Values of tolerance identify problem areas of
global social existence.
The
implication of the principles and ideas of tolerance and tolerant behavior in
public and cultural structures reflects the building of tolerant interaction in
society and the educational sphere. It is impossible to imagine tolerance in
the form of mastering a certain doctrinal nucleus, direct development of
appropriate moral and emotional content, norms or moods, assimilation of
behavioral code or social symbols, rigid rules or, conversely, formal or
voluntary arrangements in a particular environment or situation.
Various
components, structures and institutions of modern culture influence on the educational
environment. The complex system of socio-cultural institutions, the prevailing
form of cultural behavior in society and the existing socio-cultural
communication influence on the education system. Modern culture brought to the
fore the idea of "coexistence, cultivation of life and
nature, recognition of the understanding of the alien point of view, dialogue,
cooperation, joint action, respect for the individual and individual rights,
recognition of the conditioning of life from culture and civilization"[2, p. 13].
The education system, especially higher
education, becomes an intermediary in the production and formation of tolerant
behavior and world outlook among young people in modern conditions. The
education system is becoming a new way of implementing of intercultural
communication. The modern education system itself is formed and develops within
the framework of a new type of social and cultural communication.
The system of higher education
is important factor in the formation of a strategy for tolerance, a system of
values, norms of behavior, social and cultural priorities. The educational
system actively initiates and supports the dialogue of cultures, translates
patterns of tolerant behavior with an orientation to the increasingly
differentiation of various cultural components. Institutes of education realize
their integration into the general cultural space of modern civilization and
universal educational space.
The
high potential for implementing the strategy of tolerance in the educational
space is provided by the social and humanitarian complex, which can initiate
and support the dialogue of cultures. Tolerance is formed in the model of the multicultural, polyethnic
educational space. Tolerance in the system of higher education becomes as an
element of the modern education paradigm.
Tolerance is based on the mastering of
basic educational competencies in modern conditions. The basis of the new
education paradigm is an "innovative" education. The main principle
of the organization of the educational system are: the preservation and
development of the creative, personal potential of man, the formation of a
worldview based on a variety of solutions in the structures of education as
well as tolerance to dissent and moral responsibility for their actions.
The
main goal of forming a new model of education is the formation of tolerant
behavior and outlook in a multicultural and multiethnic society. The formation
of a tolerant consciousness presupposes realization of the totality of personal
qualities in the social and cultural context. Tolerant attitudes in the sphere
of education presuppose agreement, balance, thoroughness in judgments, attempts
to reconcile "polar" points of view. The properties of tolerant
behavior and attitudes are presented in the sphere of educational and cognitive
activity, in auditor and extracurricular work, as well as in the sphere of
interpersonal communication with teachers, fellow students, and administration of the university,
group members and other categories of people.
New
educational model, basic foundations (ontologies) were created, educational
programs were changed for implementation in the new university environment. The
idea of tolerance fills the content of the modern educational process.
The principles of tolerance affect the formation of the ability to perceive the
multidimensionality and multipolarity of the development of civilization. New educational programs and standards
allow balanced approach to alternative solutions and choices and a variety of
development processes of local and global situations.
New educational process and new
educational standards in the modern university are formed through specific
educational strategies, technologies, disciplines and values for
the entry of the student into a tolerant space. The whole modern education
process is refracted through the prism of the paradigm of tolerance. Principles
of tolerance in the education system affect the behavioral strategies and
communications of students at all levels of the educational process and
interactions.
References
1. Rozin
V.M. Filosofija obrazovanija: Ehtjudy-issledovanija. – M.: Izdatel"stvo
Moskovskogo psihologo-social"nogo
instituta, 2007
2. Ismagambetova
Z.N., Karabaeva A.G. Tolerantnost" kak sociokul"turnyii fenomen. –
Almaty: Kazak universiteti, 2015