Philosophy / 2.
Social Philosophy
Dr. Sc., Professor Karabayeva A.G.
Dr. Sc., Professor Ismagambetova Z.N.
al-Faraby Kazakh National University, Republic of
Kazakhstan
The comparative philosophy in the social and cultural context
Actual problems of the modern socio-cultural sphere and the methodology of social
and cultural researches are related to the development and assimilation of the variety of properties and aspects of social and cultural reality by
modern man in conditions of globalization, multiculturalism and relativity. The
method of comparison is important in cognitive assessments, in the dialogue of
cultures and communication of philosophical systems.
The
main characteristics of comparative studies are presented in methodological,
sociocultural, anthropological and other perspectives. Specificity of the method
of comparison lies in interdisciplinary genesis. The comparative explanation,
description and content have a special status among other means and methods of scientific
and philosophical analysis and research.
The
assimilation of the method of comparison in modern social and humanitarian
knowledge reflects the significant changes in the philosophical
cultural researches in the post-non-classical period. The development of comparative philosophy
is connected both with a holistic understanding of the historical and
philosophical process and with a renewed understanding of the social and
cultural reality as well as sociocultural processes and relationships. The
comparative method is considered as the correlation and connection of different
approaches, methods, methodologies and principles of analysis.
The
process of comparison becomes more complicated due to the concretization of
research tasks and the way to consider or solve specific problems and issues. The
problem of comparison of cultures and finding ways to forming of adequately organizing
approach and reflection the characteristics and patterns of the
"alien" culture as the vivid example of the diversity of approaches
and procedures of comparison.
The method of comparison
exists in a variety of systems of research and evaluation: the problem of comparison
of culture and philosophy of East and West; in the context of the methodology
of social cognition and methodology of cultural research; in the understanding
and interpretation of the value and spiritual aspects of the development of man
and society; in the situation of describing the diversity of ways of comparison
of different types of culture and sociality as well as the diversity of
philosophical systems; in the conceptualization of ideas and images of the
future [1, p. 4].
The
importance of the comparative approach is reflected both in the problem of the
dialogue of cultures, the identification of philosophical cultures and in
questions and problems of their possible synthesis and interpenetration. Ideas,
concepts, goals, principles of comparative philosophy are implicated in the
context of the evolution, formation and perspective of the development of the
most actual problems of modern philosophy. The own tasks of comparative philosophy
are connected with the awareness trends and ways of the development of cultural
and mental experience in different cultures and philosophical regions.
Philosophy
continues to pay close attention to the mental sphere of human life including
in view of the diverse of comparative experience. Comparative studies and
intentions concern the diversity of mental experience, the psychological
essence of a person, moral activity, the diversity of forms of sociocultural
existence and interaction with the surrounding world. Comparative studies show
the relevance of establishing of dialogue with other cultures and value
systems. Comparative studies revealed the significance of the experience of
self-awareness and spiritual perfection.
Comparative
philosophy almost always drew attention to the comparison of socio-cultural
values and philosophical foundations of East and West.
Comparative studies reveal social, cognitive, axiological, methodological,
anthropological and other approaches, levels and principles of analysis. The
comparative approach has a special meaning in terms of transition to the global
stage of development, intensification of the differentiation of cognition and
cognitive practices, and the growth of "fragmentary" characteristics of
cognition and cognitive practice in various fields of culture. The method of comparison
becomes relevant as a comprehensive view of the general trends in the
development of culture and the problems of modern civilization in philosophical
reflection.
Contemporary comparative philosophy reflects the process of
large-scale social transformations in society, the low social effectiveness of
cultural changes, crisis of traditional mechanisms of spiritual
self-regulation, the value degradation of social mechanisms, exacerbation of
environmental and technological problems. Comparative studies respond to the
problems of adaptation to external social and cultural diversity, to the
emergence of a gap between the practice of permanent social change and the
internal willingness of society and certain cultural communities to perceive
active social transformations.
The
society faces certain socio-psychological difficulties and socio-cultural
dilemmas of development and the choice of orientations for internal
transformation and changes. Researchers urge to master and justify the
attractiveness of the eastern experience of wisdom and eastern metaphysics with
a wide culture of philosophical, methodological, anthropological, metaphysical,
psychological, cognitive and scientific points of view. "Interest
in the East has recently been strengthened in the context of the search for an
alternative to the Western path of development"
[2, p. 206]. Comparative studies acquire broadened interpretation in the
contemporary humanitarian field of cognition.
The
comparative theory reflects a broad field of interdisciplinary research,
postmodern discourse of important philosophical studies. In modern comparative
studies, new comprehensive research strategies, methodological approaches are
being developed. Comparative researches connect the diverse and relevant
experience of philosophical research and analysis. Comparative studies offer
analysis and perception of reality through diverse images, approaches and
methods.
Comparative
studies reflect the complexities and contradictions of social and cultural
existence that lead theoretical thought to the methodology of understanding and
communication. Comparative analysis reveals the most important direction of
modern social and cultural thought and a universal approach in exploring the
pluralistic world of culture at all levels of generalization and evaluation.
The problem of comparison and
identity has acquired special importance for the philosophical development and
polyphonic, diverse spiritual experience of the twentieth century. Comparative
studies suggest a rethinking of the foundations of philosophical systems.
Comparative philosophy promotes the emergence of renewed values, concept of "universe"
of culture, changing perceptions of community and generalization, and the
diversity of philosophical content. Comparative studies influence the formation
of the global experience of mankind. The modern cultural situation forms a
special meaning and content of comparative philosophy.
References
1.
Karabaeva
A.G. Aktual"nye problemy social"no-filospfskojj komparativistiki. –Almaty:
Kazak universiteti, 2015
2.
Burkhanove
K.N., Bulekbaev S.B. Kazakhstanskijj put" razvitija v dilemme: Vostok ili Zapad?
– Astana: Elorda, 2010