Salykova O., phD, Shcherbinin E., graduate student

Kostanay state university A. Baitursynov

Development of mechatronics as a science

"Mechatronics - a new field of science and technology dedicated to the creation and operation of machines and systems with computer-controlled movement, which is based on the knowledge in the field of mechanics, electronics and microprocessor technology, computer science and computer traffic control machines and units." Mechatronics is a scientific and technical discipline that examines the construction of a new generation of electromechanical systems with fundamentally new properties and often record parameters. Some researchers see the main essence of mechatronics in the union, especially mechanics and electronics, unlike Electromechanics, which appeared in his time at the junction of Mechanics and Electrical Engineering. Usually mechatronic system is the union itself electromechanical components with the latest power electronics, which are controlled by various microcontroller, PC or other computing devices. In this system true mechatronic approach, despite the use of standard components can be constructed as a monolithic, designers try to combine all system parts together without the use of extra interfaces between modules. In particular, using microcontrollers built directly into the ADC, intelligent power converters. This reduces the weight and size of the system and increases its reliability and offers some other advantages. Any system that manages a group of mechatronic actuators can be considered. In particular, if it manages the group jet spacecraft.

Sometimes, the system contains a fundamentally new point of view of design nodes, such as electromagnetic suspension, replacing conventional bearing assemblies. Unfortunately, such suspensions expensive and difficult to manage, and in our country are rarely applied. One application of electromagnetic suspensions is turbines, gas pumping through pipelines. Conventional bearings are bad in that the lubricants penetrate gases - it loses its properties.

Mechatronic modules called components of mechatronic systems. Such modules may be combined into a single package several components, such as engine, gearbox and sensors.Modern mechatronics did not appear out of nowhere, it was preceded by extensive experience of multi-mechanical devices, radio and optoelectronics, analog and digital computing facilities in complex systems for various purposes. The components of these systems are individual blocks which were connected via various converters (DAC, ADC) and other interfacing devices. However, as Mechatronics in today, all these blocks in the combined system information process, including receiving and processing measurement information, its detection, forecasting, production management, action management execution and control of the results actions. With modern products, such systems can be attributed to macro mechatronics. In fact, many modern systems are mechatronic or use ideas mechatronics, mechatronics therefore gradually becoming a "science of everything." Mechatronics studies the specific methodological approach of building machines with qualitatively new characteristics. This approach is versatile and can be used in machine systems for various purposes. However, it should be noted that to provide high quality mechatronic control system can only be based on the specifics of a particular managed object.

The definition emphasizes the synergistic nature of the integration of the constituent elements of mechatronic objects. Synergy - a joint action aimed at achieving a common goal. It is important that the component parts difficult to complement each other, and combined so that the formed new systems possess properties qualitatively. The mechatronics all power and information flows aimed at achieving a common goal in the realization of the set of controlled motion.

Integrated mechatronic elements are selected by the developer machines already on the design stage, and then provided with the necessary engineering and technological support in the manufacture and operation of the machines. This differs from traditional mechatronic machine when the user was often forced to integrate their own system in heterogeneous mechanical, electronic and information control devices from different manufacturers. That is why many of the complex systems found in practice, low reliability and low technical and economic efficiency.

The methodological basis for the development of mechatronic systems are methods of concurrent engineering. In the traditional design of machines with computer control are carried out to develop the mechanical, electronic, sensory and computer parts of the system, and then the choice of interface units. The peculiarity of concurrent engineering is the simultaneous and interrelated synthesis of all system components.

The basic objects of study Mechatronics are a mechatronic module, which performs the motion for a controlled coordinate. Because such modules as the functional blocks companies complex systems, modular architecture.

Mechatronic systems are designed for the implementation of a given movement. The criterion of the quality of performing motion mechatronic systems - problem-orientation, that is determined by the statement of the particular application. Specifics of automated engineering tasks are to implement motion of output section of the working body of the technological machine (tool on the machine). It is necessary to coordinate the movement of space management of mechatronic systems with the management of a variety of external processes.

Examples of such processes may be the regulation of force interaction of the working body with the object of work for machining, monitoring and diagnosis of the current state of the critical elements of mechatronic systems, management of additional technological effect on the work object when the combined methods of treatment, control accessories, delivery and reception of signals from the PLC devices. Such complex coordinated movements called functional movements. In modern mechatronic systems for the realization of high quality and precision of movement are applied methods of intellectual control. This group of methods is based on the ideas of control theory with modern hardware and software computing, promising approaches to the synthesis of controlled motion of mechatronic systems.

Mechatronics as a new area of science and technology is in its infancy, its terminology, boundaries and classification features still not strictly defined.

List of used literature:

1. K. Craig, "Automotive Mechatronics", 2008.

2. A. Brown, "Who owns mechatronics?" ASME Magazine, 2008.

3. Kristen Hall-Geisler "How Electronic Stability Control Works" 5 October 2009. HowStuffWorks.com.

4. J. Scoltock, "Francis W Davis invented a hydraulic power-steering system", Automotive Engineer, 2011.

5. D. Carlson, B. Marjoram, J. Toscano, D. Leroy, K. Burson, K. St Clair, A. Kintz and A. Achen, "Magneto- Rheological Technology and Applications", 2007.