It is known, that the Kazakh
language is considered one of Turkic languages. The complicity of these nations
is expressed in identical or similar use of these phraseological units in the
field of lexicon. In the Kazakh language phraseological units of comparison
with the termination – dai / - dei are similar on sense with set phrases in
related languages.
One of problems in the Kazakh
language is phraseological units with the termination – dai
/ - dei. Components as a part of phraseological units with the termination
– dai / - dei are interconnected and used by one lexical unit. The structure of
phraseological units are steady, for instance, “жерден жеті қоян
тапқандай”. It is
impossible to replace one of phraseological unit components with other word. In
fiction phraseological units with the termination – dai / - dei are used as
comparative phraseological units.
For example, a word-combination сойып қаптағандай. In the Uzbek language it is spoken like союп қаптағандай, on bashkirsk
language- һұйып
қаплағандай, in the Tatar language - суеп
қаптағандай. Also a word-combination on the Kazakh иненің
жасуындай in the Kirghiz language it is used as ийненин
көзүндөй, on the bashkirsk language - энэ
күзәндәй. And a word-combination балдай
тәтті in the Tatar it is heard as
балдай тәтлі.
Hence history of phraseological units of
comparison with the
termination – dai / - dei are similar on model and sense of formation of
phraseological units in Nogay, Tatar, Bashkirsk, Kirghiz languages, as proves
communication between group languages of Kipchaks.
Speaking about the use of
phraseological units with the termination – dai / - dei in fiction it is
necessary to pay attention on emotional coloring and to kinds of poetic line.
Often in fictions there are
emotional coloring steady phraseological units. Such phraseological units with
the termination – dai / - dei often meet for the figurative description of
sensual various things and the phenomena.
For example, it is brightly
expressed in a hyperbole:
Ер егесте, нар көшуде. Жаңағы
сөздер төбемді көкке жеткізгендей.(М.Әуезов. «Абай
жолы»)
Арасы жер мен көктей адамдарды біріне-бірін
қосып қойған тәңірінің
құдіреті-ау деймін. (Ә.Тарази. «Жаза»)
Also it is
used in formation of a conditional word-combination.
Ана, анығына жетпей, абыройымды айрандай
төккеніңіз қалай? (С.Адамбеков. «Көсенің
көзі»)
It forms lilota.
От басында сөз салғастыруды
артық көрген Болат түймедейді түйедей етіп
өсіретіндерді еске алды. (Т.Әбдіков «Кертолғау»)
In the Kazakh
language any word, any phrase is not used casually. Each of them has a structure, a basis of a word of formation.
In the dictionary of Mahmud Kashgari
the word iyund designates a horse. Besides, in days of
M.Kashgari one of twelve animals in a year in Muslim people is called iyund. Therefore with the model of
comparison the phrases in
our language «аттай семіз, аттай күйлі, ат мүшелі» not only are spoken
rather to horse, but also to people.
In summary I
want to tell, that the phraseology is very difficult phenomenon. Therefore it requires research
from each party and from each aspect. The use of phraseological
units with the termination – dai / - dei till today is one of the important
problems. Because phraseological units with the termination – dai / - dei are used like
idioms. And these idioms
are the general to several Turkic languages.