K.K.Baygabulova
SeniorLecturerEvpaziyskogo
nationalUniversity
im.L.N.Mr.Gumilev, Astana
PROSPECTS
OF KAZAKHSTAN GRAIN INDUSTRY
Presently, our country has
become more and more recognizable in economic map of the world. A well-crafted
economic and social policy has stood the test of time and proved to be very
effective. In the context of the global crisis, Kazakhstan supports the
economic and trade relations with 182 countries of the world hundred types of
goods from Kazakhstan are available in many regions of the world. The ratio of
exports of GDP in Republic of Kazakhstan has one of the highest positions in
the world. Our country adopted and implemented program of industrial and
innovative development. A national innovation system, adopted a new legislative
and regulatory framework. It creates innovative, research universities, opening
the most modern laboratories have increased dramatically over the funding of
science, the transition to a new system of scientific training. All this forms are
the basis of a new national economy. The basis for the successful development
is achieved in the economy. Analysis of economic development since independence
shows that the new state on the basis of a deliberate strategy of long-term
development, despite the difficulties, acute periods of global crisis, moves
forward.
The economy of Kazakhstan has made significant progress in terms of GDP,
including per capita.
Table 1 Trends in
GDP of Kazakhstan for 1992-2011.
|
Year |
1992 |
2000 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
|
Billion
$ |
2,93 |
18,3 |
57,1 |
81,0 |
105 |
133 |
115 |
148 |
188 |
In 2010. The Republic of Kazakhstan has
exceeded the world average nominal GDP per capita 1603doll, as a result it was
11100doll.
Table
2- GDP per capita of some countries PPP
($)
|
Year |
1996 |
2000 |
2006 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
|
Russia
|
4140 |
8377 |
12200 |
15100 |
15837 |
16700 |
|
Kazakhstan
|
4589 |
5871 |
9400 |
11800 |
12603 |
13000 |
|
China
|
2897 |
3976 |
7700 |
6700 |
7519 |
8400 |
|
Ukraine
|
1044 |
3816 |
7800 |
6300 |
6712 |
7200 |
|
Uzbekistan
|
|
2441 |
2000 |
2800 |
3039 |
3300 |
Kazakhstan has achieved the output in a
number of states with the highest dynamics of economic development. The average
growth rate of the national economy amounted to 6.7%. For this indicator,
Kazakhstan is among the top three world leaders.
In its annual ranking of global competitiveness
for 2012, published by the Lausanne International Institute for Management
Development (IMD), Kazakhstan took 32places
59 countries of the world, rising to 4 position .Kazakhstan is ahead of
countries such as the Czech Republic, Poland, India, Turkey, Spain, Italy,
Brazil, Russia , Ukraine.
Kazakhstan's rating has increased in
virtually all indicators: economic activity, international trade, government
effectiveness, public finance, labor market, infrastructure. The competitive
advantages of Kazakhstan in the international rankings are the indicators of
public finance, labor markets, fiscal policy and employment.
International rating agency Standard Poors
(Paris) in 2012 increased the long-term sovereign credit rating of the Republic
of Kazakhstan from "BBB" to "BBB +".
Kazakhstan among the CIS countries achieved
the first place in Standard Poors ranking and moved from "BBB"
(Russia, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Bahrain, Peru, Mexico) in the higher group of
"BBB +", which are countries such as Ireland, South Africa, Long-term
rating Thailand in country closer to Malaysia and Poland. The upgrade points to
the rapid economic growth are an effective fiscal policy and a consistently
high inflow of foreign direct investment. Rating is supported by strong fiscal
and external balance of the country, large reserves of natural resources and
the flow of FDI (foreign direct investment). The World Economic Forum (World Economic
Forum, WEF) has assigned Kazakhstan 51th row in the annual ranking of the competitiveness
of the economies of the world.
A special role in raising the rating of
Kazakhstan plays the agricultural sector of the national economy. The
agricultural sector of our Republic is on the threshold of a new stage of its
development, which is in the open world market and should significantly
increase the efficiency of agricultural production.
At the Republican forum on the 20th
anniversary of Independence, President of the Republic of Kazakhstan NA
Nazarbayev has set a number of tasks for the Government to withdraw the
agricultural industry to new frontiers. In 2011, the gross harvest of grain and
leguminous crops in Kazakhstan amounted to 26.9 million tons with a yield of 16.9
. Such a success Kazakh farmers reached for the first time, as a result of the
introduction of innovations in the crop sector.
On a long-term basis scientific and
advanced practitioners are further improvements of soil-tillage systems, and
the results are successfully introduced into production. Farmers have long made
sure that no fallow rotations in the structure can do, since obtaining the
intended corn crop is strictly dependent on the moisture content of the soil.
The issue of accumulation and moisture conservation, the role of a fallow field
is proven, not one generation of grain growers. In this direction, the
scientists are making a great contribution Kostonay Agricultural Research
Institute, DP Celine NIIMESKH, Karabalyk Experiment Station, advanced and
peasant farms, which is competently and cost-effectively run their economy.
In Kostanay the first time in recent
years, less than 4mln tons wheat was sowed. That did not happen since 2009. In
2012 monoculture occupies 3.9 million hectares or 85% of the total area of
spring sowing. 300 tons. This is about more than last year, but
the gain at the expense of oil-feed, forage crops.
Expand the field of agriculture and
planting potatoes to 28tons, adding to last year's 256tons, will plant more
than 1 million hectares of melons. Areas under wheat, remained in Kamystinskom,
Sarykol, Naurzum, Amangeldy, Uzunkol areas Arkalyk and constitute 90-98% of the
total wedge. The share of oilseeds is 226tons, representing 4.8% of the total
cultivated area, and yet 70% of the oil consumed by the population, the region
still imports.
Grains and legumes were planted in 2011
at 4454.1 thousand hectares. Spring wheat was allotted 4,210,800 acres, barley
served 181.2 thousand hectares, oats were planted 50,600 hectares, buckwheat is
located on 1000 and leguminous crops occupied 11.5 thousand hectares. The area
of oilseeds was 54.9 thousand hectares, 9,852 hectares were
planted with thousands of potatoes, 3,166 thousand hectares occupied by
vegetables.
In the space of a couple annually takes
1 million hectares, which is the guarantor of the receipt of the harvest in all
weather conditions. The use of modern methods of tillage promotes the
accumulation of vapors extra moisture in the soil within the PO-40mm.
Currently, the owners of all forms, based on the recommendations of local
scientific institutions, went on a 3-and 4-multipole crop rotation, and where
the annual rainfall over 300 mm implement and master the rotations: steam,
spring wheat, canola, spring wheat;
couples - spring
wheat, chick-peas, spring wheat, spring wheat, steam-corn-barley. With an
annual amount of precipitation at 300mm and below-par spring wheat, spring
wheat, spring wheat, steam-barley.
Implementation of all grain-producing
farms rotations minimizing tillage
continues.
Transition and
implementation in the production of moisture and resource-saving technology was
another factor in increasing yield.
Minimization and zero technology, which
is based on the rejection of the classical works of that from numerous
mechanical treatments in conjunction with the use of highly efficient modern
pesticides and chopped straw as fertilizer and mulch allowed during13 stable
high yield.
Table 3 - Dynamics of grain production
for 1999 2011 in Kostanayskoy area
|
No
|
Year
|
Area
, òousand.H |
Production
, òousand.òon |
Yields
, c/h |
|
1 |
1999 |
2051,2 |
3726,6 |
14,9 |
|
2 |
2000 |
2820,3 |
2929,4 |
10,7 |
|
3 |
2001 |
2932,2 |
3488,1 |
11.9 |
|
4 |
2002 |
2974,0 |
3487,1 |
11,8 |
|
5 |
2003 |
2998,6 |
3890,0 |
13,0 |
|
6 |
2004 |
3039,4 |
2606,9 |
8.6 |
|
7 |
2005 |
3376,2 |
3912,9 |
11.6 |
|
8 |
2006 |
3540,0 |
5123,3 |
14,5 |
|
9 |
2007 |
3938.9 |
6563,2 |
16,7 |
|
10 |
2008 |
4148,0 |
52674 |
12.7 |
|
11 |
2009 |
4461,4 |
5429,5 |
12,2 |
|
12 |
2010 |
4321,0 |
3500.0 |
8.1 |
|
13 |
2011 |
4302,0 |
8729,7 |
18.4 |
|
|
average |
3455,5 |
4313.3 |
12,6 |
Moisture saving technology allows you
to refine and revise the system of farming cultivation of crops
With this technology, each micro-zone
target dates of planting and seeding rate, the choice of intensity grades, the
percentage (%) of early-, mid-and late-maturing varieties.
In the north of Kostanai region proportion of medium late-maturing
differ 35% to mid-45%. Early maturing,
only 20% of durum wheat and 15% of the total area of crops, exist
on the other regions, respectively, -55.45 and 5%.
To conduct
sortosmeny and strain renovation, as well as production and provide elite and
first reproduction seeds adapted and promising varieties of work 4elitno-seed
farms, "Zarechnoe", "Arkalyk and Karabalyk Experiment Station,
JSC" Ak biday. "They produce 20 25tousand .t elite seeds. Also
created 54 certified seeds, which produce seeds 1-2 reproduction.
In Kostanai area zone 16 there are varieties
of spring wheat-breeding Omsk Research Institute, Karabalyk Experiment Station,
KazNPTs grain farming.
The
positive dynamics of the introduction of chemical fertilizers on the total sown
area domestic and foreign chemicals are used on the intensive use of plant
protection with rotary atomizers, providing high-quality spray gun and the
exact dosage of the working solution.
The trend of technological renovation of
the park agricultural area: Using its own funds and leasing companies purchased
tractors, combine harvesters, seed drills, hay-harvesting machines and other
equipment.
By experts from
the Department of Agriculture regional government involving scientists Kostonay
NPC, DP TselinNIIMSKH, Kostonay University A.Baitursynov, Kostonay University
M.Dulatova and Experimental Stations conducted training courses on
implementation of conservation technologies among agricultural workers give a
positive result.
Thus, the mandatory presence of a fallow
field with the sowing of the scenes in the technology with the sowing of seeds
within the recommended time high reproduction based on the use of modern
multioperational complex machines are essential elements of a stable yield.
Given that half a loaf of bread republic
is collected in three areas, one can imagine a picture in Kazakhstan. We
present data on Akmola, Kostanai and North Kazakhstan oblasts of the 29.4
million tons of grain last year's standard deviation in the last year threshed
8,711.7 thousand tons. In 2010, the result was less than half-4100.2, while the
forecast for this year is 5.1 million tons
Akmola region
last fall threshed 7207.6 thousand tons, crop failure in 2010 - 2722.7 thousand
tons in the current challenging environment, our experts believe they will be
able to achieve the result of 4.2 million tons.
Grain harvest in Kostanai
region in 2011 amounted 8681.3 thousand tons, in 2010 - 3471.1 thousand tons,
5.4 million tons of this plan.
According agricultural areas of
Kazakhstan, the region has 40 licensed grain-receiving enterprises. Their total
capacity is 3.8 million tons. By mid-August HSP fully prepared
material-technical base and are ready to receive grain.
Currently, the
field is stored in silos 2.8 million tons, which corresponds to 74% occupancy.
According to the JSC "NC" Food Corporation 2.1 million tons of the
total volume of grain-national company, view of the available spare capacity of
grain-enterprises in the amount of 1 million. Tons of grain storage and
availability from agricultural producers (2.2 million tons) grown crop will be
fully preserved. In the current year it is expected to commission the granaries
of 8 195 tonnes.
That is only three areas will add to the
treasury of our grain reserves 14,600,000 tons. At the same time we determine
that the total capacity 221 countries HSP 13.9 million tons.
According to the managing director, member
of the board of the "KazAgro" B.Kudasbaevoy, seven million tons of
stored grain elevators in the three northern regions utilize 64%. Therefore,
the topic of congestion granaries of the country remains relevant in the
context of the global crisis.
Today, "KAF" approved 5
projects (grain storage) with total capacity of 65 thousand tons in the North
Kazakhstan and Akmola oblasts. Under consideration are 4 more projects with a
total storage capacity of 93tys.tonn.In the next 2 years the storage capacity
will increase to 1.5 million tons of grain in which 700tys.tonn Food
Corporation (Food Contract Corporation, KazTAG), through the acquisition of
existing and construction of new and modernization of existing vessels. Storage
capacity of 800 thousand tons for agricultural producers is finance "KAF"
at the expense of the national fund. In the framework of increasing the
capacity of 700 thousand tons of grain storage Food Corporation is working on
six grain-points in the following areas: South Kazakhstan, MSE, Akmola,
Mangistau and Aktobe.
According to the press service of the
Ministry of Agriculture, Food Corporation has 6 elevators with a total capacity
storage 561tys.tonn. From 2010 Natsholding KazAgro began to finance the
construction and modernization of grain storage facilities at the expense of
the National Fund. Commissioned more than 10 elevators total storage capacity
of 200 thousand tons.
In the Republic there are 214 licensed
HSP silos with a total capacity of 13 million tons. In 2013 - 2014 it is planned
to increase storage capacity by 700 thousand tons by the IA
"Kazakh-Grain."
We recall the following that Kazakhstan
is among the seven largest global exporters of grain, and in the export of
flour it comes the first.
2011
was a record harvest - nearly 27 million tons of grain in net weight.
Kazakhstan plans to export 15 million tons of grain in the 2011-2012 marketing
year.
A record export of grain and products of
its processing agricultural sector reached Kazakhstan in 2011-2012 marketing
year. According to the Statistics Agency, as of September 2012 in foreign
countries 12.7 million tons of grain is shipped including flour in grain
equivalent, which is 2.5 times more than 2010-2011 marketing year, including in
the form of grain sold 8.9 million tons, flour 2.6M tons. Average monthly
shipment of grain for export (including flour in grain equivalent) amounted to
more than 1 million tons.
Dynamics forecasts for world cereal positive
production in 2012 to 2013 will grow by 32 million tons to 1873 million tons,
consumption increases by 30 million tons to 1,871 million tons, and the
trade-to 11mln.tonn, to 265 million tons. Cereal stocks in the next season will
increase by only 2 million tons. Note that all of the growth at the expense of
corn and other cereals except wheat.
References
1. Suleymenov M.K.Perehod from soil-to
resource-farming systems of Northern Kazakhstan: In collection: KNOW-Till and
crop rotation is the basis of agricultural policy support for conservation
farming. ACTH-Shortandy 2009.
2. Kaliev GA, Satybaldin A, A. The main
directions of economic reforms in the agriculture of Kazakhstan. "Agricultural
Science" was .2002
3. Dvurechensky VI Cultivation of crops on
the basis of water-saving technologies and modern tehnologii.Kostanay2005g.Òүé³í
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e-mail
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