Экономические
науки/15.Государственное регулирование экономики
PhD student Kondybayeva S.K.
Kazakh National University named al-Farabi,
Kazakhstan
Housing policy - an element of
social and economic development
Living conditions significantly determine the
life style of a family, the character of spending free time, organization of
everyday life, family relations. It is
necessary to pay attention that one of the aspects of stable development of
housing sphere includes provision of comfortable conditions of living not only
for people living at present but also further generations of people. That is why time frameworks in which housing
policies are realized should take into account its strategic direction and be
measured with the time of the generation life-length, comprise some decades of
years. In such time scale ecological,
demographic, social and economic processes should not be considered separately
from each other – they are interconnected and should be taken into account
during development of the housing policies.
There
are various approaches to the definition of social and economic essence of the
housing policies. Some economists consider housing policies as a system of
integrated measures of legislative, executive and supervision character in the
sphere of housing regulation. At the same time in the capacity of the
peculiarities of the housing policies in market conditions it is pointed out
that it is realized by competent state institutions and social organizations in
the center and locally for the purpose of stabilization and adaptation of the
existing social and economic system to the changing conditions [1; 419]. Other
authors consider housing policies of the region as indicative (guiding)
mechanism of administration of housing facilities including economic (direct
and indirect) and legal control levers.
In this case a global strategic goal of housing policy include maximally full satisfaction
of the population needs in housing, support of housing facilities and housing
and municipal services [2; 20].
We share the opinion of the scientists that
consider housing policies as an integral part of social and economic policy
being an efficient mechanism of administration of housing sphere for the
purpose of meeting housing needs of the population [3; 12].
Integrity and many aspects of
processes of development and implementation of housing policies can be seen
that it is an important element of social development. It is connected not only with the economy
but also with the ideology of social and economic movement of the country.
Option of certain ideology and direction of development effects formation of
goals of the housing policies, means and methods of
their achievement.
In housing policies there are
three major components of this notion: conception, programs and
economical-legislative mechanism that realizes these programs. In our description we shall use
this approach (Picture 1).
Methodology of housing policy
includes a definition of the following provisions: the formulation of
development goals housing, establishing development processes-making,
composition and structure of the investment programs and plans, use of
developed indicators of the housing sector.
Picture - 1. Major components of housing policies
The process of formation of housing policies is based inherently on
determination of priorities that include ensuring the affordability of housing
for all citizens and social guarantees in the sphere of housing rights of those
categories of the population before that the state has obligations in
accordance with the existing legislation. Reasonable determination of
priorities is required for concentration of efforts on solution of separate,
the most daunting problems of the housing sphere in the conditions of deficit
of investment recourses (budgetary or non-budgetary) used for these
purposes. According to the determined priorities of the housing policies its goals
and tasks are stated that specify the main directions of regulation influence
on the part of the government.
Sequence of formation of housing policies is shown in picture 2.
Picture - 2. Sequence
of formation of housing policies
Development of activities in the framework of
housing policies should be made according to different directions with
obligatory estimation of the required volumes of financing recourses for their
realization. At the same time it is
necessary to foresee the mechanisms for realization of activities and
their provision with recourses, for this purpose responsible executers and the
system of supervision over the progress of activities should be specified.
Methodological support of
development of the housing policies include the system of legislative and other
legal acts regulating the issues of construction, ensuring the rights of
property, carrying out deals in the housing sphere and defining the basis of
the state housing policies.
A crucial question of formation of housing
policies regardless of its level of development is the determination of
financing resources for program activities.
References
1. Volgina N.A. Social
policy: textbook .- М.: Изд-во РАГС,
2005. - 544 p.
2.
Akhmetova, Sh., Sapargaliyev S. Housing construction: statistics and
reality // Alpary. – 2004. - №5. – P. 27-31
3.
Кеуnes J. М. The general theory of employment, terest and money.
- М.: Эксмо, 2006