Современные информационные технологии/ 4.Информационная безопасность.

Dyusembekova A.

Kostanay State University named after A.Baytursynov, Kazakhstan

Information systems of modeling in management of instability economic system

Information system of economic object is a control system basis. It constantly changes, there are the new information streams caused by broad introduction of computer aids. The functional purpose and type of information system depend on what interests and at what level it serves.

Various definitions of economic information systems are known:

• it is the Wednesday which making elements are computers, computer networks, software products, databases, the personnel, technical and communication software;

• it is the system realizing automated collecting, processing and a manipulation data and including technical means of data processing, the software and the service personnel.

Properties of economic information systems:

• they are dynamic, constantly develop, can be subjected to the analysis;

• at their design the principle of the system approach assuming existence and the accounting of a large number of system elements connected among themselves is used;

• functioning of systems of all levels is carried out in the conditions of their interaction with environment, in the presence of the general for them the management purpose;

• in the course of realization of functions of management continuous interaction of users and technical means takes place;

• decisions necessary for management are made on the basis of system of output information received in the course of functioning.

Information systems in economy can be estimated on different signs: on the structural complexity, reliability of functioning, working capacity (efficiency). Their functioning is usually directed on realization of several purposes therefore quality of system is defined by set of the properties characterizing its ability to satisfy needs of the user.

On the basis of single indicators integrated indicators of quality of system (in standard, functional and economic aspects) pay off. The economic integrated indicator characterizes compliance of cost characteristics of system to the set standards or the feasibility study. The single-level system has the simple linear structure, one criterion function and one operating function. The multilevel system consists more than of one level, to each of them there corresponds the criterion function and management function.

There are various classifications of economic information systems, each of which pursues definite aims. Important classification signs are: the scale of system and integration of its components, degree of structure of solved tasks, complexity of algorithms of processing and others.

There are various classifications of economic information systems, each of which pursues definite aims. Important classification signs are: the scale of system and integration of its components, degree of structure of solved tasks, complexity of algorithms of processing and others.

• on scope of application distinguish information systems accounting, bank, insurance, tax and others;

• on extent of automation of information processes - manual, automatic, automated;

• on character of solved tasks - the systems developed for the solution of structured (formalizable) tasks, unstructured (not formalizable) tasks and partially structured tasks (at the majority of solved tasks all elements and interrelations between them are known not);

• on a processing mode - the information systems working in package and in interactive modes. The package technology is used generally in economic information systems of the centralized type.

Emergence of new information technologies, development of intellectual technical means allow to create information systems with high extent of intellectualization which is shown:

• in expansion of functions of the all-system software;

• in development of new applied systems with elements of expert systems;

• in production process of planning, management and control of activity of the enterprise in real time;

• in intellectualization of a technical platform (multipurpose devices, multiprotocol adapters, virtualization of memory, communication channels, etc.).

Modeling is a universal method of research of the systems, allowing to design studied subject domain, to represent it by means of formulas, tables, schedules, numerical examples. The model is the image of real object (process) reflecting its essential properties and replacing it during research and management. The description of activity of economic object simulars finds more and more broad application as methodology of the description of processes occurring there. The method is based on the principle of analogy, i.e. possibility of studying of real object not directly, and through consideration similar to it and more available object of its model.

Problems of economic-mathematical modeling:

• analysis of economic objects and processes;

• forecasting of future condition or behavior of objects and processes;

• statement of experiments with model with the subsequent interpretation of their results in relation to modelled system;

• development of administrative decisions at all levels of economic hierarchy;

• training of experts.

Economic systems treat the difficult systems possessing a number of properties which need to be considered in the course of modeling. Such properties are:

• integrity of system;

• mass character;

• dynamism;

• accident and uncertainty, and so on.

Need of the accounting of the called properties complicates modeling process, and designers of systems always should have them in a look, since the choice moment like model and finishing use questions result of modeling.

Literature:

1. Informatics: The textbook / Under the editorship of N.V.Makarova. – M, Finance and statistics, 1997.

2. Information systems: The manual / Under the editorship of V.N.Volkova. – SPb, 1998.

3. Maksimov O.V., Nevzorov V.I. Information technologies for economists. - Rostov-on-Don. - the Phoenix. – 2004.

4. Mishenina A. Theory of economic information systems. - Moscow. - Finance. - Statistics. – 2010.

5. V.N.Petrov. Information systems. SPb.:piter, 2002.