Сельское хозяйство/3. Земледелие, грунтоведение и агрохимия

Shilova N. I.

Master of agrochemistry and agrology

RSE "Kostanaysky State University of A.Baytursynov", Kazakhstan

Shilova K.M.

Graduate student

FSBEI HPE "Omsk state agrarian university of a P. A. Stolypin", Russia

INFLUENCE POSTSPIRIT BARD ON EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY OF АGROPYRON HAY

One of the directions of modern development of agrochemical science is search and effective use of no conventional local sources of fertilizers [2]. Perspective withdrawal of spirit production – wheat the bard in this regard can serve.

In this regard in 2011 experiment on detection of efficiency of various doses spirit bards in the territory of «Saryagash» LLP of the Denisovsky Area of Kostanay region was put. The soil cover is presented by chernozems southern solonetzic low-power srednesuglinisty, lying in a complex to 30% with solonetzic soils small steppe low-sodium.

The conducted researches showed that spirit the bard had impact on agrochemical properties of soils of a chernozem and solonetzic complex. And though these changes weren't so noticeable, they fell on the critical periods of growth and cultural development. In total it positively affected conditions of mineral food Аgropyron pectiniforme and its efficiency. So, on chernozems southern on the average in two years the maximum productivity of hay was received on option with a dose bards of 80 t/ha 32,3 c/ha that on 15,5 c/ha or is 92,3 % more, than on control (table 1). Both increase, and decrease in doses bards didn't promote productivity growth. High doses of 100 and 120 t/ha formed only weak tendency to efficiency increase, respectively 33,3 and 34,1 c/ha. The average dose of 60 t/ha reduced a crop to 28,9 c/ha or on 3,4 c/ha (LSD₀₅ = 3,2 c/ha). Low doses bards of 20 and 40 t/ha in experience weren't effective. Productivity at a dose of 20 t/ha was at the level of control and made 19,1 against 16,8 c/ha. Productivity in option of 40 t/ha bards authentically exceeded control option (on 6,2 c/ha), but conceded to a dose of 60 t/ha (on 5,9 c/ha). Noted regularities in operation various doses bards were characteristic in all years of researches.

Table 1

Influence of different doses postspirit bards on efficiency of hay Аgropyron pectiniforme on the chernozem southern and solonetz small

Variant	Productivity, c/ha (average for 2 years)
	On the chernozem southern	On solonetz small
1 Without introduction (control)	16,8	7,1
2 N30	31,1	11,1
3 Bard 2 20 t / ha	19,1	7,5
4 Bard 3 40 t / ha	23,0	8,2
5 Bard 4 60 t / ha	28,9	10,8
6 Bard 5 80 t / ha	32,3	12,9
7 Bard 6 100 t / ha	33,3	16,0
8 Bard 7 120 t / ha	34,1	16,6
LSD 05	3,2	2,3

On solonetz small some other regularity in operation bards is revealed. Here the dose of 100 t/ha appeared the most effective. Its action was shown both in damp, and in dry year. In the first case it provided an increase of hay of 9,5 c in comparison with control, with low doses bards (20, 40 t/ha) – 8,2-9,0 c, with averages (60-80 t/ha) – 3,4-4,8 c/ha. In the second case the increase also was considerable and made respectively 8,4 c, 7,8-8,5 c, and 3,1-5,2 c/ha. On the average in two years on this option 16,0 c/ha of hay were received. Such advantage speaks not only improvement of a nutritious mode, but also reclaiming action bards. Dose increase to 120 t/ha didn't promote the further growth of productivity – 16,6 c/ha.

In average doses bards (60 and 80 t/ha) the following feature is revealed. In damp year they were equivalent, 15,4-16,8 c/ha, and in dry the dose of 80 t/ha had a clear advantage on 2,7 c/ha. Low doses (20 and 40 t/ha) weren't effective in experience. Under various conditions of moistening they formed a crop at the level of control. In two years its size averaged respectively 7,5 c, 8,2 and 7,1 c/ha. Effect of N₃₀ urea was 10 times less than on the chernozem. Here it was equated by the efficiency to a dose bards of 60 t/hectare with formation of average productivity of 11,1 c/ha.

Studied doses spirit bards had essential impact not only on productivity Аgropyron pectiniforme, but also on quality of hay. So, on control hay with the smallest maintenance of a crude protein – 11,2 % was received. On this indicator it belongs only to the second class [1]. Bards of 20 and 40 t/hectare didn't change a situation and low doses. In these options it was noted a tendency to increase in the maintenance of a protein to 11,8 and 12,2 % respectively. The average dose of 60 t/hectare considerably increases protein accumulation to 13,6% with transition of the received hay to the first class. The following jump in increase of the contents happens on a dose of 80 t/hectare – 14,2 %. At high doses of 100 and 120 t/hectare the increase in the maintenance of a protein is slowed down, making respectively 14,5 and 14,6%. Influence of nitric fertilizer on the maintenance of a crude protein (13,8 %) was in N30 dose at the level of an average dose bards of 60 t/hectare. The maximum size of cellulose is characteristic for control option – 29,6 %.

Under the influence of various doses bards its quantity gradually decreases and reaches on a dose 80 t/hectare of 24,4 %. Spirit the bard positively I affected and fat accumulation. If on control option its contents made only 2,9 %, at introduction bards of 80 t/ha it raised to 4,1 % or by 1,4 times. Under influence bards the hay ash-content raised. On control it made 4,1 %, and on options of 80-120 t/ha – 6,8-7,0 %. The greatest size of exchange energy in one kg of solid was characteristic for doses bards of 80 and 120 t/ha, respectively 9,74 and 9,78 MDzh. On the same options the highest maintenance of fodder units – 0,77 was observed also.

Literature

1. GOST 4808-87 Hay.Specifications. – M.: Publishing house of standards, 1988. - 16 pages.

2. Likhtenberg A.I. Optimization of mineral food of grain crops at soil-protective agriculture in a chernozem zone of Northern Kazakhstan: автореф. yew. Dr.s of page - x. sciences: 06.01.04 / A.I. Likhtenberg. – Alma-Ata, 1995.