Economic sciences / 12. Rural economics
Senior teacher of
Dmitriyeva V. R.,
Student 3 courses of economics
department of Kurmanova Zhanar
Kostanaysky State University
of a name of A. Baytursynov, Kazakhstan
LOGISTIC SYSTEMS IN AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF
KAZAKHSTAN
The
main task of economic development of the country is an overcoming of prolonged
crisis and a conclusion of agro-industrial complex of the Republic to rails of
a sustainable development. Therefore, the problems which have collected for the
last decades in agrarian and industrial complex demand a system, integrated
approach to their decision, and it assumes development of tools of managing new
to domestic economy.
The
logistics is a science and practice of management by material, financial and
information streams. It becomes more and more demanded in agrarian and
industrial complex branches. The main attention here needs to be concentrated
on creation and development of transport and logistic infrastructure that is in
turn connected with expansion of export corridors for domestic agricultural
producers. Now the transport and logistic infrastructure is created in Kaspiysk
the region for grain export on the market of Iran and the countries of
Transcaucasia. Capacities operating are considerably increased and new grain
terminals in such ports as are entered: Aktau, Baku in Azerbaijan and Amirabad
in Iran.
As a
result of end of the project of the railroad Kazakhstan - Turkmenistan - Iran -
the Persian Gulf volumes of deliveries of the Kazakhstan freights, including
food will grow by the markets of Gulf States, East Mediterranean and North
Africa. End of one more branch line "Zhetygen - Korgas" and input of
the international transport and logistic hub of "Horgos" will allow
to enter the markets of China and the Pacific region. There is a possibility of
supply of the Kazakhstan grain to Vietnam. Creation of the Customs union and
Common economic space of Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus moves apart for the
Kazakhstan businessmen the markets to Brest and Vladivostok. It is necessary,
without postponing, to plan expansion of capacities for storage and grain
transportation, to create multimodal transport and logistic
infrastructure". [1] Therefore, logistics development in agrarian and
industrial complex becomes the extremely necessary factor for realization of
agricultural production, increase in the income of farmers, decrease in prime
cost of products, and also a sustainable development of the agrarian sphere.
For branches of agrarian and industrial complex lack of territorial
localization of productions therefore it is necessary to develop logistic
systems in agrarian sector is characteristic. The enterprises of industrial
processing of production of agriculture spatially are removed from raw
materials sources, and it causes the necessity of physical movement of material
streams, both for space, and for time. It is necessary to allocate three
directions of material, financial and information streams in agrarian and
industrial complex structure: agricultural enterprises and processing industry
enterprises ↔ end user (food market). Interaction happens through
logistic, that is material and monetary and information streams; agricultural
enterprises ↔ enterprises food and processing industry (market of
agricultural raw materials); agricultural enterprises ↔ processing
industry enterprises (market of products of processing).
The
organization of resource providing agricultural producers and advance of their
production on the market on the basis of logistics gives considerable economic,
social and ecological effect. The logistics of agrarian and industrial complex
has to cover all spheres of the agro-industrial complex, all economic streams,
all logistic chains and all stages of reproduction process. The logistics of agrarian
and industrial complex is a science and practice of management by economic
streams in the sphere of production, distribution, an exchange and consumption
of production of agriculture which includes both resource providing agrarian
and industrial complex, and sale of finished goods. The main goal of logistics
of agrarian and industrial complex is a full satisfaction of needs and
requirements of the population and a national economy in food, agricultural raw
materials and products of its processing. Consequences of optimization of
logistic expenses are: during the periods of seasonal increase of demand is a
providing the maximum sales volumes at the expense of the adjusted system of
delivery of production; and during the periods of seasonal recession of demand
is an optimization of expenses for maintenance of a commodity stock, ensuring
safety of production due to granting specially adapted storage conditions. The
main objective of logistics is time and distance overcoming at production
movement, and also the organization of effective service of its deliveries.
Transportation, warehousing, service of orders for production are the primary
activities which are of special importance for achievement of the purpose of
overall performance of any enterprise.
In
interrelation with marketing the logistics represents the most acceptable
option of a control system in the economy, taking a strategic organizational
position between production and marketing. The price policy and packing are
joint duties of logistics and marketing. As examples of interaction of
logistics, production and marketing acquisition of material resources and
delivery of finished goods can serve.
Development
of transport and logistic system in the Republic of Kazakhstan since 2011 is
carried out by the principle 5C: cost, service, speed, safety and stability. We
will give practical observance of some of these principles in the Republic of
Kazakhstan. The cost of export of one container of freight in Belarus makes 1,8
thousand dollars, in Russia - 1,85 thousand dollars, in Kazakhstan - 3 thousand
dollars, that is one and a half times more expensive, than in Russia or
Belarus. Therefore, on an indicator "international trade" takes
Belarus the 128th place, Russia - 162, and Kazakhstan - 183.[3] Means, there is
a main task of depreciation of export. As for the principle "speed",
it is characterized by the following data: time expenditure on implementation
of export deliveries in Belarus makes 15 days, in Russia - 36, and in
Kazakhstan - 81. That is Kazakhstan by more than two times makes out export
deliveries, than in Russia, and almost six times more long, than in Belarus
more long.[3] Big problems exist and by other principles.
Thereby Kazakhstan has to pass from "simply transport system"
to translogistic [2]. For realization of a task to make Kazakhstan by 2016 a
world trade and logistic and business hub in September, 2011 the government
defined the national logistic operator in the person of KTZh at which the
National Center of Development of Transport Logistics (NCDTL) which main goal
is development of the master plan which becomes a basis for development of a
state policy in the transport sphere is created. Factor which slows down
logistics development, dissociation of all means of transport is. Therefore,
one center - and the railroad, the highway, aircraft, river transport
everything has to be combined with one purpose that all transportations were,
and departmental dissociation wasn't.[1] Together with Samruk-Kazyna fund on
the basis of KTZh the transport and logistic company of the international level
is created. In the course of development of the master plan diagnostics of
modern domestic transport and logistic system was carried out and the following
main problems are revealed:
ü
lack of modern road infrastructure;
ü
shortage of the modern multifunctional intermodal transport and logistic
centers (TLC);
ü
deficiency of a rolling stock on the railroad as a result of high
wear. Within creation of the domestic
car-building industry at the beginning of July, 2011 the plant on production of
freight cars in Ekibastuz was started.
Since the beginning of 2011 in Kazakhstan it is made some honeycombs of
freight cars, however a problem of deficiency of a rolling stock remains
actual;
ü
low level of a konteynerization as a result of weak integration of key
means of transport and lack of information of business on advantages of
container transportations;
ü
almost total absence of large integrators, the uniform coordinating
regulatory mechanism on management of freght traffics of different types of
transport;
ü
lack of modern road infrastructure;
ü
shortage of the modern multifunctional intermodal transport and logistic
centers (TLC);
ü
deficiency of a rolling stock on the railroad as a result of high wear. Within creation of the domestic car-building
industry at the beginning of July, 2011 the plant on production of freight cars
in Ekibastuz was started. Since the
beginning of 2011 in Kazakhstan it is made some honeycombs of freight cars,
however a problem of deficiency of a rolling stock remains actual;
ü
low level of a konteynerization as a result of weak integration of key
means of transport and lack of information of business on advantages of
container transportations;
ü
almost total absence of large integrators, the uniform coordinating
regulatory mechanism on management of freght traffics of different types of
transport;
ü prevalence of small operators in a segment of road
haulage which aren't capable to serve large contracts;
ü
opacity of customs procedures
which promotes delays on border check-points;
ü
imperfection of mechanisms
of management of motor transport;
ü shortage of cars (annually for this reason to 10%
of the Kazakhstan production doesn't go for export), wear of a rolling stock to
70%.[3]
For the solution of existing problems programs
are realized from the government and the concrete ministries. The program for
creation of the transport and logistic centers (TLC) is accepted. The first
stage of construction of the transport and logistic centers will begin in five
cities of Kazakhstan current 2014. Also within the program (development of
transport infrastructure till 2020) implementation of the project of creation
of the TLTs network in regions of Kazakhstan in the current year will begin. The
first stage of construction will begin in Astana, Pavlodar, Shymkent, Aktau and
Atyrau. It is planned to increase till 2020 quantity of TLTs to 34. Also it is
planned to carry out modernization of check points on border. Except
modernization of check points for increase of their capacity and simplification
of customs procedures TLTs construction in border areas with a binding to the
customs check points located on the Kazakhstan border - Korgas, Kalzhat,
Maykapchagay, Bakhta, Dostyk and others is planned.
Thus, for increase of competitiveness of production of domestic
agricultural producers in modern conditions it is already not enough to be
limited to entering of these or those changes into production. Radical
reorganization of system of production and distributive activity of managing
subjects on the basis of the developed logistic system is necessary.
References:
1 Performance the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. A.
Nazarbayeva at the Republican forum of employees of agro-industrial complex on
November 11 2011года. - akorda.kz.
2 Performance the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. A.
Nazarbayeva at the 24th meeting of council of foreign investors. - akorda.kz.
3 Japanese order on transport. - expert.ru.