Economic sciences / 12. Rural economics
Senior teacher of
Dmitriyeva V. R.,
Student 3 courses of economics
department of Kurmanova Zhanar
Kostanaysky State University
of a name of A. Baytursynov, Kazakhstan
THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE
REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN - FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF "GREEN ECONOMY"
The
new concept connected with transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the
Green Economy direction fixes bases for serious systematic updatings for the
purpose of transition to new economy and a new formation by means of increase
in welfare, quality of life of the population of the country and entry of the
state into number of thirty most developed states of the world at the minimum loads
of ecology and degradation of natural resources, relevance of this subject is
explained by these factors. [1]
The
"green" economy is the economy directed on preservation of wellbeing
of society, due to effective use of natural resources, and also providing
return of products of final using to a production cycle. First of all, the
"green" economy is directed on economical consumption of those
resources, which are subject now to exhaustion (minerals - oil, gas) and
rational use of inexhaustible resources.
The
main priority objectives connected with transition to "green economy"
which face the Republic of Kazakhstan treat: increase of efficiency of
consumption of resources (land, water, biological, etc.) and rational
management of them; modernization existing and construction of new
infrastructure; increase of wellbeing of the population of the country and
quality of the surrounding ecological environment through rational ways of
reduction of pressure upon surrounding ecology; increase of national security of
the Republic of Kazakhstan, and including water safety.
On
May 30, 2013 there was a Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan
from No. 577 which narrates about the concepts, the Republic of Kazakhstan
connected with transition to "green economy" [2]. Implementation of
the concept connected with transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to
"green economy" will be carried out in three stages: at the first
stage the main priority direction is optimization of use of natural resources
and increase of productivity of nature protection activity, and also formation
of "green" infrastructure; at the second stage already on the basis
of the organized "green" infrastructure there will be a
transformation of national economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, directed on
rational use of water resources, awarding and development stimulation, and also
extensive introduction of technologies of restored power, and also construction
of advanced technologies on the basis of high-quality standards of energy
efficiency; at the third stage the national economy needs to pass to the new
principles of "the third industrial revolution" which demand the use
of natural resources on condition of renewability and their stability [3].
ü
the "green" economy
includes three main and key directions of its formation: the first direction - to
introduce renewables;
ü
the second direction - energy
efficiency in housing and communal services;
ü
the third direction - organic
agriculture in agriculture.
"Gardening"
of agriculture will allow to victual the population, without doing harm thus to
natural resources and ecology.
Kazakhstan
expects to work in the following directions:
ü
to operate fertility of soils;
effectively to use water; to operate health of animals and plants; automation
of equipment of farms;
ü
to improve a control system of
waste; to improve a control system of water resources;
ü
to develop the pure direction
transport;
ü
to keep rational and effective
management of ecosystems.
This
activity in this direction is mainly directed on preservation of unique natural
richness of Kazakhstan.
Transition
to "green" economy gains the increasing popularity and causes
large-scale interest. The "green" economy first of all promotes
economic progress and will provide:
ü
implementation of growth of an
internal gross product; increase in profit of the country;
ü
creation of workplaces for the
population of Kazakhstan and as a result reduction of an indicator of
unemployment in Respublike.Prirodny richness of Kazakhstan. Thus transition to
"green" economy reduces risks from global threats, such as climate
change, exhaustion of minerals and deficiency of water resources.
Within
the program of development of "green" economy, Kazakhstan is planned
investment of means in 10 key sectors:
ü
agriculture; housing and communal
services;
ü
energy drinks; fisheries; forestry;
industries; tourism; transport;
ü
utilization and processings of
waste; water resources managements. This concept connected with transition of
the Republic of Kazakhstan to the "green economy" direction will be
realized during three stages.
In
the period of the first period - from the 2013th to the 2020th year - the main
priority of the countries is an optimizirovaniye of consumption of resources
and increase in productivity of nature protection activity, and also the
organization of "green" infrastructure.
In
the period of the second stage - from the 2020th to the 2030th year - on the
basis of the developed "green" infrastructure there will be a
reorganization of the national economy directed on careful use of water
resources, encouragement, stimulation, development and free introduction of
technologies of renewable power, and also construction of constructions on the
basis of high standards of energy efficiency.
In
the period of the third stage - from the 2030th to the 2050th year transition
of national economy to the principles of "the third industrial
revolution", calling application of natural resources on condition of
their renewability and stability will be carried out.
The
measures which are carrying out transition to "green economy",
according to the concept, will be carried out at the expense of the following
directions:
ü
steady use of water resources;
developments of high-performance and steady agriculture, energy saving and
energy efficiency increase;
ü
power industry developments; control
systems of waste;
ü
decrease in air pollutions;
preservation and productive management of ecosystems. The questions connected
with realization will be regulated by acts of Kazakhstan on transition problems
to the "green economy" direction. [4]
Existing
program documents taking into account modifications and additions regarding
introduction of the main directions of the concept, such as the program for
development of agro-industrial complex in Kazakhstan for 2013-2020
"Agrobusiness 2020", a state program on the development of the
republic forced industrial innovatively for 2010-2014, a state program of a
development of education of Kazakhstan for 2011-2020, programs of development
of territories, strategic plans of government bodies, the industry program
"Zhasyl Lady" for 2010-2014 and other industry programs which will be
corrected and in which new accents on such questions as improvement of quality
of air, waste management of manufacturing enterprises and consumption, fight
against desertification, degradation of lands and increase in soil fertility,
fishery development will be given arise tools of the solution of certain tasks
of the concept on sectors of economy, àêâàêóëüòóð
and reproduction of fish resources. And also development of state programs on
water resources management during the period from 2014 to 2040 will be carried
out.
Strategy
acceptance "Kazakhstan-2050" became a new political policy of the
taken place state. "Strategy 2050" forms accurate reference points on
construction of effective and steady model of the economy which main task is
transition of the country to a "green" way of development. [5]
"The
green economy" means a high level of quality of life of the population,
the rational and careful order natural resources in interests of modern and
future society and accepted by the state international ecological obligations.
For
Kazakhstan transition to "green economy" will allow to solve the
purposes and tasks of occurrence into number of 30 most developed countries of
the world. By calculations of experts by 2050 of gross domestic product will
increase in addition by 3%, 500 thousand new workplaces will be created, new
industries and services sectors will be created. "The green economy"
means deep system transformations in economic development, in public
administration and consciousness of society. Thus the benefits received in the
form of improvement of quality of human life and environment, will help to
construct economy steadier against external crises.
By
2050 of transformation within "green economy" will allow to increase
in addition gross domestic product by 3%, to create about 500 thousand
workplaces, to create new industries and services sectors, to provide
everywhere high standards of a standard of living of the population.
As
a whole for development "The green policy" needs to create new
technologies, to make discoveries and development, without them Kazakhstan
won't be able to rise on a new level of development and fully to carry out
development in the Green Policy direction.
References:
1 Electronic resource. -
http://egov.kz/wps/portal/index.
2 Electronic resource -
http://greenkaz.org.
3 Electronic resource -
http://news.nur.kz.
4 Electronic resource -
http://online.zakon.kz.
5 Electronic resource -
http://http://vlast.kz.