Kazkenova G. T., Rodin P .W.

Kostanay state university n.A.Baitursinov, Kazakhstan

Research of water absorbing in Kostanay region

Kostanay region is situated in less moisture zone. Principal source of water supply is Tobol river with big confluents. They are: Ui, Toguzak, Ubagan, Ayat, Jelkuar. On territory of Kostanay region flows Tobol river. Here Tobol Torgai water storage department realizes control of fidelity. TT WSD serves: Kostanay region, five late areas of Turgai region and Irgiz sector of Aktyubinsk region. This served territory foot up to 196 thousand sq.km. There are about 310 watercourses at full length more 10 km, in which connection half of them are temporary watercourses.

The Tobol river refers to the large watercourses and is a trans-border flows through territories of two states, the Republic Kazakhstan and Russian Federation. Russian-Kasakh transboundary basin of the Tobol river is considered part of the basin located in Kostanay region, Chelyabinsk and Kurgan regions. Major tributaries of the Tobol river: Cintacti-Zhelruar, Ayat, Ui, Ubagan. The total catchment area of these rivers on the territory of Kostanay region is 167 520 square kilometers.

Inventory of water resources TT ВБO solution is 2, 9 km³. From general inventory of water resources volume of subsurface water solution is 425 mln.m³, surface run-off into river-1550 mln.m³, in reservoirs-1500 mln.m³. Within the bounds of basin is more 5000 rivers, general square is 3 % from general square of territory. Tobol river foot up to 1591 km. takes beginning in eastern bank vault of Southern Ural, flows on Kostanay region territory about 613 km. For satisfaction of drinkable, industrial and farming needs were built and being exploited 7 reservoirs in Tobol river basin. The most large reservoirs are The Karatamarsky reservoir, volume-586 mln.m³; The Upper-Tobolsk reservoir, volume-861 mln.m³.

The Turgai river is across southern part of the Kostanay region. The Turgai river is principal source of water-supply. In the river basin are exploit two reservoirs for farming and drinkable needs: The Akzharsky reservoir, volume - 16, 5 mln.m³; The Ashi-Taktinsky reservoir, volume - 5,2 mln.m³.

Development of economy branches and rational use of national resources depends on water resources in a river basin. Principal water consumptions in a river basin are: industry, household farm and agriculture.

The modern facts on use water resources for basic period (1990 year) in a river basin are presented in table 1.

Table 1.

Dynamics of water consumpsion in the Kostanay region.

№ п/п	Economy branches	Years
		1990	2004	2010	2015	2020
1	Household needs	81,61	51,78	52,8	54,7	56,2
2	Industry	114,94	78,2	81,7	89,2	96,5
3	Agriculture, (в т.ч).	543,7	26,87	170,56	247,5	348,2
	- the regular irrigation	114,54	8,21	21,06	50,29	88,45
	- (estuary irrigation)	363,16	-	113,77	156,7	213,7
	- water consumption of agriculture ,	66,0	18,66	26,8	30,6	34,7
	- flood of pastures			8,45	9,42	10,85
4	Fishery	3,46	0,47	0,48	0,49	0,5
	Result	743,7	157,32	305,54	391,9	501,4

Analysis of using and consumption of water resources from 1990 to 2004 year showed the considerable reduction of drinkable and technical water consumption. The reasons are: the considerable reduction of population, sharp recession of agricultural and industrial production, stop and liquidation of the enterprises.

One of the main reason for the sharp decrease intake water is the reduction in the use of the space of the regular and estuary irrigation.

Volumes of water intake to perspective levels until 2020 determined based on

estimated water consumption sectors of the economy of the basin taking into account

the introduction of the circulation water supply system water saving, reduction of losses in network and increase of efficiency.

In world practice there were solutions of a problem of water security. They are:

1 involvement of additional sources of fresh water;

2 carrying out "water" policy;

3 constructions of treatment facilities.

The main direction of "water" policy is water consumption reduction, i.e. water savings

Literature:

1. Tatiyeva B. M. Ecological situation of the Kostanay region / Methodical grant. - Кostanay, Ekolinesport LLP 2011. – 52p.