Педагогические науки/ 5.
Современные методы преподавания
Жамбаева А.К.
Костанайский государственный университет им. А.
Байтурсынова, Казахстан
The method
of projects in university education
For motivation student to master of information technologies need new
methods of creating a situation of novelty and relevance of the issues under
investigation, must be connected to the content of the activities of life,
public and private awareness of the importance of studying the development of
computer communications, which is realized by the project activity.
The basic thesis of the modern understanding of the project activity:
"Everything I learn, I know what it is I need and where and how I can
apply this knowledge." Thus, the project method allows you to find a reasonable
balance between academic knowledge and pragmatic skills. The method is based on
the idea of the projects focus on teaching and learning of
cognitive activity on the result obtained in the solution of any significant
problems with the practical side or theoretically.
Work on projects is divided into three phases: preparatory, basic and
final. At each stage, certain tasks are solved, character of the students and
the teacher is set.
Activities of teacher at different stages of changing. During the
preparatory is initiating a idea of project or creating an
environment for the emergence of idea of project, as well as providing
assistance in the initial planning framework. At this stage it is crucial
statement of the so-called triad of questions: fundamental, problematic and
training questions. Setting a fundamental question allows to avoid
problems such as performance of some unrelated tasks, resulting in a weak
understanding of the meaning of key terms, ideas, concepts, processes and
phenomena.
On the basic stage - the teacher acts as an assistant, coordinator,
consultant on separate questions, a source of additional information. At the final stage
is increasing the role of control and evaluation function.
Working with _ technology of project, should be noted that there was a
following system in the teaching of computer science: students initially get
basic theoretical knowledge, without which it is impossible to understand the
essence of the project. Then skip ahead to practical training, the content of
which corresponds to the total system of knowledge and skills of students on
the basic course of computer science discipline. After that you must go to the
actual implementation of projects, which aimed at the application of knowledge
gained outside the traditional situations, and it is desirable haved practical
value.
Project
method allows to solve diverse problems: providing systems thinking and
aspirations of students for the extraction of knowledge, skills, receiving
knowledge off one's own bat and
theoretical analysis of the literature or the experimental data; Training an application of knowledge to solve
practical or other problems, self-esteem, develop communication and research
skills. That implies varied and diverse
communication, analytical activities, identify problems, build hypotheses,
planning and conducting experiments, observing the results and their analysis,
summary, conclusions, reports at various conferences, etc.
Example of
using a project in computer science can serve as a project "Sociological
survey." Type of
the project is research. When studying of information
processing, the project could be interesting, for example, for future
psychologists, political scientists and marketers, choose the form of a poll or
socially significant themes can be left for a student, the data obtained during
the investigation should be handled by the software, for example, by a
programme Microsoft Excel.
The planned result is obtain
quantitative characteristics of of various social phenomena, and present the
data in structured tables and graphic illustration in the form of diagrams.
The purpose of this a project is develop the skills of gathering
information through interviews or questionnaires, practical use of existing
knowledge for process the results by the software, self-construction diagrams
obtained of tables.
This project allows you affect more real and significant problems, which
requiring integrated knowledge, research results for its solutions are one of
the most important factors to increase learning motivation, and use of computer
technology. That helps to reduce overwork and improve the creativity of
students.
Literature
1. Intel ® «Обучение для будущего» (при
поддержке Microsoft): Учеб. пособие. – 5-е изд., испр. – М.:
Издательско-торговый дом «Русская Редакция», 2005. – 368 с. + CD.
2. Полат Е.С., Бухаркина М.Ю. и др.
Новые педагогические и информационные технологии в системе образования: Учебн.
пособие для студ. пед. вузов и системы повыш. квалиф. пед. кадров - М.:
Академия, 2002 – 272 с.