M.Utemisov is considered the founder of Kazakh heroic poetry
Kylbaeva Miramkyl Muratovna

А.Байтұрсынов атындағы Қостанай мемлекеттік университетінің аға оқытушысы , филология магистрі

One of the prominent representatives of the Kazakh poetry of the first half of the XIX century is Makhambet Utemisov’s friend and colleague Issatai Taimanov - leader of the peasant revolt feudal Kazakhs during 1836-1837 period.Utemis has sons and was rich man, influential, close to the khan environment, but only Makhambet stood out among his peers with lively intelligence, curiosity, and a sharp tongue. Contemporaries noted that he thoroughly knew the Koran, he was also familiar with official language and correspondence, and this knowledge he probably got in madrassas. In 1836 in Bukey’s Horde rebellion broke directed against tyranny of Khan Zhangir levied on people with new and new taxes, levies, duties. The leaders of the uprising were Issatay Taimanov and Makhambet. The leaders of the liberation struggle of the Kazakh people 1837-1847 years became the heroes of the epos "Kenesary-Nauryzbai". The development of Kazakh literature associated with the work of Makhambet Utemisuly. Their songs Makhambet called on people to struggle against colonial and Khan authorities. After the death of Isatai in 1838, the poet continues the struggle. He had talks with the Khiva Khan on joint actions, sent letters to the Kazakh vodoprivedas, several times tried to cross the frontier; to raise the struggle of the Kazakh people Bogaevskyi khanate. In 1846 by order of Colonel Alcobaca Makhambet was arrested and brutally murdered. Poetry Makhambet raised Kazakh literature to new heights. It meant a further rapprochement of spoken word poetry with a written literature. An outstanding Kazakh poet Makhambet Utemisov was a very bright person. Its role in the culture and history of Kazakh people, as well as in the literature, is huge. His poetry is full of bravery and courage, indomitable desire for freedom. Makhambet Utemisov is considered the founder of Kazakh heroic poetry. His work can with full justification be called the encyclopedia of the liberation struggle of the Kazakh people wearing the years, as in those years Makhambet took an active part in the uprising led by Isatai Taimanov in Western Kazakhstan.
Creativity Materialy inseparably connected with the peasant uprising 1836 and 1837, He was the near-jaisim friend and ally of the leader of the uprising Isatai Taimanov.
Materialy is one of the first Kazakh poets who spoke out against the Khan of arbitrariness and feudal aristocracy, not only through creativity, but also with the weapon in hands. Makhambet warm love for the country and hated tsarism, which conducted colonialist politics, khans, a seller of national lands, sultans and Biy, robbing narodnostopanski the wideness of the native steppes, green pastures, dark surface of lakes and river floods, Makhambet never forget that it all belongs not to the people, and his oppressors, that predators khans and Bai - dispose of the wealth of countries, the use of labour of the people. The genuine masters of life, the people who create by their labor, material wealth, they have no rights to the laws established by Khan and his associates.Khan became angrier. Homeland, stud
He robbed you, Azamat! -said the poet, speaking to the people, revealing his eyes on the true situation in their home country. Poetic word of Makhambet not diverged from reality. Consistency and decisiveness in thoughts and actions - the characteristics of poet-fighter.Many events in verses Makhambet nowadays perceived as historically accurate. The first period of the uprising of the Kazakhs Inner Horde, led by Isatai Taimanov is most fully displayed by Makhambet in the poem "the Battle of Isatai". Terrible avalanche of events, capturing the entire Horde, horror Khan Zhangir scared by a wave of public anger, bloody battles, heroic rebels with heavily armed troops sent to suppress the uprising - all this he has described vividly and emotionally, impressively bright, extremely compressed, concise language. He chooses from a chain of events are the most important, the most typical and the most dramatic. Still unknown poems Makhambet, written before the outbreak of the Isatai Taimanuly, i.e. until the second half of the thirties of the 19th century. In a series of events and phenomena of those years appears a kind of "axial time", without doubt, formed the freedom-loving and rebellious spirit aristocrat Steppe Makhambet Temeculaca theme of poems and songs Makhambet (the"Curse of the Zhangir", "Sultan Baimagambetov", "Great dream", "Naryn-Sands" and others) - the fight against oppressors, a hatred of tyranny, a protest against the feudal lords. Creativity Makhambet contributed to the formation of the genres of Kazakh poetry (satire, Elegy, monologue, Arnau, and others), the development of poetic language. Poems Makhambet were translated into Russian and repeatedly published separate collections were included in anthologies, since the 1940s ("anthology of Kazakh literature" under the editorship Labrea, 1940). Poetry Makhambet still considered precious, nevertheless, to the creative work of the poet addressed many translators. First of all it Abenilla, a Russian writer who remained in Kazakhstan after Stalin's camps, and it is known Kazakh poet Vagantov, Russian poets Rojdestvenski, Vrybin, Mraman. In the late 80-ies of XX century to creativity Materialy turned literary critic more exact, and in our time - poets, translators, researchers Karabaev, Oganyanom, AMDAR etc. At the place of the poet's death in 40 km from the village Inderborski in the Atyrau region is built Mazar-mausoleum. Annually at the mausoleum are readings on the works of Makhambet. Name Batyr streets in Almaty, town and district in Atyrau oblast. Anthropologist Nhachot.avi restored the appearance of Makhambet. In 2002 marked the 200th anniversary of the poet. 2003 in honour of the 200 anniversary of the poet by UNESCO, was declared the Year of Makhambet. I was me, and I was in itself" - that characterized the poet himself his purpose in this world. Creative heritage of Makhambet - about a hundred poems. As you know, he his poems are not recorded. Akins the Sherniyazov, Becket, Murat and Lukpan retained the poetic heritage of Makhambet for future generations. Creativity of the poet dedicated to many studies, his works are translated into Russian repeatedly published separate collections were included in anthologies. Along with Kazakhstani scientists an important contribution to the analysis of the poetic heritage Makhambet start to make the foreign researchers. Mukhambet Utemisov was born in 1804 in the place called Bukey’s Horde (nowadays Urdinsk, Ural region). First knowledge Makhambet received in mosque based school (madrassas). After that he went on to study in Orenburg, where by the order of Zhangir Khan he will go as a mentor to Jangir Khan’s son Zulkarnay, that time Makhambet will be well-known poet already. He also owned Russian language and literacy. Was also devout man, and very close with Islam. He was the tutor of the Khan's successor for about five years, and then conflict between Khan and Makhambet Zhangir arose. In the autumn of 1829 Makhambet actively participated in the uprising broke out in the wilderness , but was imprisoned in the fortress Kalmykovsk , where he spent two years. He was able to run only in 1831. Leaded led rebel troops with Issatay Taimanov, waging a struggle with government and Russian troops of Zhangir Khan. After the defeat of the rebels in the Battle of the river Akbulak during which Issatay Taimanov was killed, fled to the south, where he was hiding for some years. He died in October 20, 1846 in the place now calls Atyrau region - he was killed by hired assassins.

Literature

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