ФИЛОСОФИЯ. Философия науки

Doctor of Philosophy, professor Rakhmatullin R.Yu.

Bashkir State Agrarian University, Russia

For understanding the role of the image of scientific knowledge

Concept image still does not have a clear interpretation. Typically, the amount of this concept include the graphics, and patterns, and designs, and even language tools. For example, Soviet philosopher B.A. Stoff who offered to carry images of all language tools [1, p. 17]. A well-known representative of the Marxist ideology V.I. Lenin in "Materialism and empiriocriticism" called images and sensations [2, 120]. In the article properly understood form of visual expression of information, which has a structural correspondence with the subject expressed in it. This psychic phenomenon experienced by a man as really existing object, that it reflected.

Interest to the images in the ХХ-XXI centuries intensified in connection with the aggravated problem understanding. It is about understanding of the world view that has emerged in research in the field of theoretical physics, and in a wider context - in connection with the formation of non-classical type of rationality. Исследования деятельности крупных ученых показывают, что понимание смысла научных высказываний часто связано с процедурой сведения знания на визуальный уровень. Research activities of major scientists show that understanding the meaning of scientific statements is often associated with the procedure information knowledge on the visual level. For example, Richard Feynman, teaching his disciples, saying: "In physics, you should understand the relationship of words in the real world. Received any conclusions, you have to translate into their mother tongue and the language of nature - in cubes and glass beads, with which you will have to experiment " [3, p. 56]. Понимание связывал со сведением информации к образам и известный физик Я.И. Френкель: «Понимание в действительности заключается в сведении нового, незнакомого, к старому и знакомому до тех пор, пока такого рода сведение становится невозможным» [4, с. 34]. Understanding connected with bringing the information to the images of the famous physicist Ya. I. Frenkel: "Understanding in fact consists in reducing new and unknown to the old and familiar as long as such information becomes impossible" [4, p. 34].

Hermeneutical role of images is particularly visible in abstract theories. Mathematical formalism, which has enormous heuristic capabilities, can not be understood without clarifying its meaning. If it is not explained by the images of familiar objects and situations, it is devoid of content logical form.

There are many examples of formal assimilation of theoretical knowledge in the field of education in schools and universities. This is due to the fact that learners, learning signs symbols do not emit their representative function. As a result, they do not understand their meaning. Meanwhile, famous scientists have always paid attention to this aspect of the matter. Studying the works of G. Frege, D. Hilbert came to the conclusion that the abstract theory itself can be neither true nor false. It acquires these qualities and becomes meaningful only when found its interpretation. The importance of constructing a picture of the physical process to understand it and pointed A.B. Migdal: "The physical picture of the phenomenon and its rigorous mathematical description complement each other. Creating a physical picture requires qualitative approach, neglect details and distracts from the mathematical precision. And vice versa – an attempt to exact mathematical description, so complicates the picture, which makes the physical understanding" [5, p. 16]. On the impossibility of constructing objective physical picture of the world because of the difficulties of modern physical knowledge ontologization wrote and other famous scientists.

One of the proofs of the semantic function of images in the process of translation of scientific knowledge is the emergence of this form of knowledge as the scientific world. She appeared in the twentieth century, when physicists have surprisingly found that emerging new theories of physics require a different interpretation than previous theories. If classical mechanics to easily find their objects in the outside world and did not need any special creation worldview is fundamentally different from the observed reality, the new physics immediately raised the question of the ontological basis of its theories. Physicists first truly understood and felt the need to construct and not search in the visible world of the ontological foundation of physical knowledge. Scientific world and the observed reality in many respects do not match – that is, in our opinion, one of the philosophical conclusions of physicists and philosophers of this period, the development of physical theories. The physicists faced the task of scientific invention ontological basis for his science (previously they simply opened in sensual images that display the macrocosm). In response to this need and there are new images used in modern science. All this leads to the idea that the objectification of scientific knowledge in visual form is the main epistemological function of the scientific world.

Этим можно объяснить, почему А. Айер, решая проблему понимания, пришел к заключению о необходимости «нейтральных» для всех людей элементов, которыми, по его мнению, являются образы [6]. The use of visual images as "elementary cells is" understanding we associate primarily with the identity of the psychophysiological mechanisms reflection of the world at all the people who formed during phylogeny. This may explain why A. Ayer, solving the problem of understanding concluded on the need to "neutral" for all people of elements that, in his opinion, are the images [6].

We believe that the images used in the processes of scientific and pedagogical communication, designed to give a substantive interpretation of the theoretical models. This interpretation can be characterized as a semantic interpretation. In this case, they should be considered as an essential component of scientific language, if that language is understood as a sign of unity and values.

References:
1. Stoff B.A. On the role of models in cognition. L., 1963.

2. Lenin V.I. Complete Works. T. 18.

3. Feynman R. Character of Physical Laws. M., 1968.

4. Frenkel Ya. I. At the dawn of the new physics. M., 1970.

5. Migdal A.B. Physics and Philosophy // Problems of Philosophy. 1990. № 1.

6. Ayer A. The Problem of Knowledge. L., 1956.