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Uderbayev S. S.
research
supervisor, Doctor of Engineering, professor
Baymakhanova Aida
student of
Kyzylordinsky goudarstvenny university of a name of Korkyt At
Problems of utilization petroleum pieces and its
impression to environment
Decisions of ecological problems
are associated by the future of human. Because, as people live in natural
environment, they closely connects with nature. Some elements of nature source are
wraps for physiological necessity of men’s satisfaction, for example breathing,
slaking and eating. In this case pointing the connection of man and nature, at
economical development man has to find a connection. In these latter days we
often find an environmental contamination and there are a lot of ecological crisis
in the world. Negative surrounding of man to the environment could be seen on
three objects: pollution of environment, obsolescence of natural resources and ecological
breakage.
It is well-known that nowadays organ
of plenipotentiary state system is not enough to decide ecological question,
also general ecological culture is needed. Because, solution of these problems
is associated with people. For example, some people leave garbage in the middle
of the street. Therefore, people need ecological culture, and it begins from
the way of life.
Nowadays there are many
production residues around the world, therefore problem of pieces are basically
the main one.
According
to the 1 article 20 subitem of the Ecological code of RK it is mentioned about
working with the bits and pieces are kinds of service in preventing and
diminishing bits and pieces, also accounting and control, accumulation of transports them [1].
According to the news of Ecological
code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, there are two kinds of bits and pieces:
production or consumer bits and pieces and radioactive bits and pieces. In
lately “Law of protecting environment of the Republic of Kazakhstan” there were
mentioned only about production bits and pieces.
First of all, let us
designate what are production and consumer bits and pieces. Production or
consumer bits and pieces are leftovers of raw and another materials and products
that lost their consumer quality.
And radioactive bits
and pieces s are leftovers that prohibited by the law of using legislation of atom
energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
As well as the Ecological Code
of RK on the base of Basel convention
on control of cross-border transportation of dangerous wastes and their removal
defined the classification of dangerous
bits and their degree of danger [2].
According to the
article 286 of the Ecological Code of Kazakhstan, by the level of hazardous
waste are the following: hazardous waste, inert waste and safe waste. Dwell on
the definition of hazardous waste.
Dangerous bits and
pieces are leftovers which have dangerous quality (explosioning threat,
radioactivity, threat of fire, top reactionary ability) and when they combine
with other elements, they could damage environment or man’s health.
Inert bits and
pieces are residues which are not subjected to physical, chemical or biological
changes, and not dangerous to the environment and to the health of man.
Harmless bits and pieces are
residues that not included in the ranks of inert and dangerous pieces.
At this dangerous wasp of bits
and pieces much meet is industrial waste. For example, if we take area of Kyzylorda,
there is lots of industrial waste. According to the account of ecologists, in a
year on this area almost 115 thousand ton of productive bits and pieces can be
appeared. Some of them are made again, videlicet, set on fire, and thus badly
affects to the atmosphere. This method of burning residues is most harmful when
processing residues, and have not used in civilized countries. Many businesses
today use thermal cracking process residues. But environmentalists objected to this method of
getting rid of leftovers.
A remnant of a large proportion
of production falls on oil residues. If determine such
residues, they are hydrocarbon
mixture of physic-chemical quality and composition. They appear during storage, transportation and consumption of fuel
oil and gasoline. Besides, oil production, which had lost their marketability and
not to be used in the future. Petroleum
products and their residues trapped on the environment, toxic and may explode.
They degrade the ecological condition of any cities.
To increase the consumption of
petroleum products increased and their residues. When transporting the waste
oil used a variety of vehicles, service stations, warehouses and heat power
complexes and other objects. In addition, when a waste oil, used turbines
burning hydrocarbon. Waste oil rush as gas or liquid. Waste gas spread over a
large area (2-3 days prior to 2000-3000 km.). According to the rules of
petroleum waste or water, in which structure has oil should be collected in one
place and further transported to the place of disposal or reclamation. But in
our country the main way of getting rid of waste oil - it instill in special
places. Such places are increasing with every year and this method is not
cost-effective. Because this method requires a lot of space and it harms the environment.
The basic aim for today is to
reduce number of storages which keep petroleum and its residues; process into
petroleum leftovers and profitable using on a scientific basis. Profitable
technology is been examining in using and disinfecting of oil residues. Taking
away literatures and scientific labours, we can notice that consumption of
petroleum leftovers as a raw material is greatly advantageous. For example, they
can be used as a preform fuel cooking, bituminous, asphalt-paved coverage, and
as a raw material for insulator. For example, in Kyzylorda region since 2010 working
first device processing waste oil. This device cleans the tank company. Device
is converted into fuel waste after washing gasoline, fuel oil and diesel. By
laboratory research, fuel oil and diesel fits the requirements of the Republic
of Kazakhstan regarding this, and safe environment.
Despite of the fact that there
are many new devices with the wastes in this area many key issues. Several
factors affect spectacular for processing of waste oil. First, there's no
uniformity in the assessment of waste oil, and secondly, there is no monitoring
and account, and thirdly, there is no accountability in the oil producers; mismanagement previously
accumulated waste, inadequate system of licensing of waste, etc.
Besides there is no accurate economic incentives to implement industrial
waste treatment at the base of recycled material resources. The main obligation
in regulation of waste oil is refining and improving the organization of waste
collection, and the clever use of recycled raw materials for technical area.
Literatures:
1. The ecological code of the
Republic of Kazakhstan of January 9, 2007.
2. Basel convention on control of cross-border
transportation of dangerous wastes and their removal of March 22, 1989.