МОРФОФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ТА ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ ФУНКЦІЇ ВОЛЕЙБОЛІСТІВ РІЗНОЇ КВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ

Артеменко Б. О., Лизогуб В. С.

НДІ фізіології ім. М.Босого Черкаського національного університету ім. Б. Хмельницького

Анотація. Артеменко Б. О. Морфофункціональний розвиток та психофізіологічні функції волейболістів різної кваліфікації.

Мета: встановити особливості морфофункціонального розвитку та психофізіологічних функцій волейболістів різної кваліфікації.

Матеріали і методи: використовували наступні методи: аналіз, науково-методичної літератури, визначали показники фізичного розвитку, проводили комп’ютерне тестування психофізіологічних функцій і тактичного мислення волейболістів. Дослідження проводили на базі СК «Сумихімпром» м. Суми, що є учасником чемпіонату України серед команд суперліги, ВК «СумДу» м. Суми – волейбольної команди на базі сумського державного університету, що є представником чемпіонату України серед команд вищої ліги, СДЮСШОР №2 м. Полтава та ДЮСШ №2 м. Суми. У дослідженні взяли участь 34 волейболісти, які були розділені на 3 групи: волейболісти без спортивного розряду, кандидати у майстри спорту та майстри спорту.

Результати: встановлено, що всі досліджуванні психофізіологічні, нейродинамічні функції та морфофункціональний розвиток волейболістів з ростом кваліфікації зростають, що пояснюється загальними закономірностями онтогенезу людини та обумовлено впливом на них систематичних занять волейболом.

Висновки: встановлені особливості морфофункціонального розвитку та психофізіологічних функцій волейболістів можуть свідчити про можливі перспективи успішності оволодіння техніко-тактичними елементами гри та використовуватися, як критерії під час відбору до спортивних секцій.

Ключові слова: волейбол, морфофункціональний розвиток, психофізіологічні, нейродинамічні функції.

Цель: установить особенности морфофункционального развития и психофизиологических функций волейболистов различной квалификации.

Материалы и методы: использовали следующие методы: анализ, научно - методической литературы, определяли показатели физического развития, проводили компьютерное тестирование психофизиологических функций и тактического мышления волейболистов. Исследования проводились на базе СК «Сумыхимпром» г. Сумы, что является участником чемпионата Украины среди команд суперлиги, ВК «СумДу» г. Сумы – волейбольной команды на базе сумского государственного университета, которая является представителем чемпионата Украины среди команд высшей лиги, СДЮСШОР № 2 г. Полтава и ДЮСШ № 2 г. Сумы. В исследовании приняли участие 34 волейболисты, которые были разделены на 3 группы: волейболисты без спортивного разряда, кандидаты в мастера спорта и мастера спорта.

Результаты: установлено, что все исследованные психофизиологические, нейродинамических функции и морфофункциональное развитие волейболистов с ростом квалификации растут, что объясняется общими закономерностями онтогенеза человека и обусловлено влиянием на них систематических занятий волейболом.

Выводы: установлены особенности морфофункционального развития и психофизиологических функций волейболистов могут свидетельствовать о возможных перспективах успешности овладения технико-тактическими элементами игры и использоваться, как критерии при отборе в спортивные секции.

Ключевые слова: волейбол, морфофункциональное развитие, психофизиологические, нейродинамические функции.

MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL AND PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS OF DIFFERENT SKILL LEVEL

Artemenko B.O. Lizogub V. S.

Physiology M. Bosyi Research Institute of Cherkasy B. Khmelnytskyi

National University

Goal: To determine the features of the morpho-functional development and physiological functions of players of different skill level.

Material and Methods: The following scientific methods were used during the research: analysis, synthesis, systematization of scientific and science-method literature, publication, computer testing of psycho-physiological functions. The research was conducted on the SC "Sumykhimprom" base, Sumy city, the participant of Ukraine Championships among Super League teams and "SumDU" VC, Sumy city, a volleyball team on the base of Sumy State University, a representative of Ukraine Championships among the teams of Higher League. The study involved 34 players of different sports categories from youth to masters of sports at participated in the research.

Results: all the investigated psycho-physiological and neuro-dynamic functions and morpho-functional development of volleyball players are found to increase with their qualification growth that is explained by the general laws of human ontogenesis and is stipulated by the influence of systematic volleyball practice on them.

Conclusions: the peculiarities of the morphofunctional development and psycho-physiological functions of volleyball players can testify to the possible prospects of success mastery of technical and tactical elements of the game and may be used as criteria in the selection to sport clubs.

Key words: volleyball, morpho-functional development, psycho-physiological and neuro-dynamic functions, coordination abilities.

Problem Formulation. Selecting children to sport sections, the coaches are known to rely on genetically determined properties, particularly, constitution type which determines both individual's somatic development and physical preparedness [1, 9] and sportsman’s neuro-dynamic functions [6]. At the same time, the state of sportsman's psycho-physiological functions is considered to affect the success of sport activity [4, 5]. So, G.V. Korobeinykov [5] stresses the importance of psycho-physiological component and points out that the general factor in the factor structure of psycho-physiological status of the sportsmen of sport games is the parameters which determine the speed and productivity of information processing; the second factor is attention; the third one is complex sense-motor response. Thus, there exists a necessity of more detailed analysis of the peculiarities of morpho-functional and psycho-physiological development of volleyball players of different skill level.

The topicality of the research. Professional sport provides the maximum use of sportsman’s reserves in the way of sport improvement. It imposes certain requirements for the training process in sport. Therefore, to identify promising sportsmen, who are able to achieve high results, is of particular relevance as for their achievement a sportsman should have necessary morphological data and unique correlation of a set of physical and psychic abilities. N.Z. Bulgakova [2] points out that the selection of sport specialization should consider individual peculiarities of a child’s body structure and physical preparedness, his/her age and the correlation of these data with the data of the strongest sportsmen. Some authors [8, 10] think that the determination of sport abilities should be done comprehensively with the help of pedagogical, medical-biological and psychological research methods, as there is no universal criterion of sport affiliation. Therefore, we consider the identification of peculiarities of morpho-functional development and psycho-physiological functions of the volleyball players of different qualification to be very relevant for sport selection and the highest sport achievements in general.

The goal of the research is to determine the peculiarities of morpho-functional development and psycho-physiological functions of the volleyball players of different qualification.

Research Methods. The following methods were applied: the analysis of scientific-methodical literature; testing of neuro-dynamic, psycho-physiological functions; the determination of indexes of morpho-functional development and development level of tactic thinking of volleyball players of different qualification.

Research Organization. The research was conducted on the SC "Sumykhimprom" base, Sumy city, the participant of Ukraine Championships among Super League teams and "SumDU" VC, Sumy city, a volleyball team on the base of Sumy State University, a representative of Ukraine Championships among the teams of Higher League, Children-Youth Sport Schools № 2 in Poltava and Sumy. 34 volleyball players of different qualification participated in the research.

Research Results. “Diagnost1” computer program by M.V. Makarenko and V.S. Lyzogub [7] was used to estimate the development level of neurodynamic functions, particularly, simple visual-motor response (SVMR) and complex visual-motor response (CVMR) of choosing one and two of three irritants (RC1-3), (RC2-3), the indexes of functional mobility of nervous processes (FMNP). The development level of sportsmen's psycho-physiological functions was evaluated by an “Intest” computer program of L.M. Kozak, V.A. Yelizarov and the technique of “searching for numbers with switching by Shulte” (Table 1).

Table 1

Development of Neurodynamic Functions of Volleyball Players

of Different Qualification

Qualification	Average age (years old)	Neurodynamic Functions
		SVMR (ms)	RC1-3 (ms)	RC2-3 (ms)	FMNP (s)
Without a sport category	16-17	259.4±5.8	355.7±6.8	449.04±9.2	68.6±0.51
Non-sportsmen	16-17	241.3±3.8	357.1±4.8	449.5±6.4	69.56±2.1
CMS	20-21	233.7±2.9	336.9±8.1	392.1±9.3	62.1±0.42*
Non-sportsmen	20-21	235.7±5.2	340.7±6.4	409.7±5.0	64.05±1.7
MS	24-27	234.8±7.4	330.1±9.3	347.5±6.98*	61.9±0.57*
Non-sportsmen	24-27	249.3±6.2	345.1±7.3	414.3±5.8	65.6±1.9

Note: * – reliable changes of indexes between the volleyball players without sport categories and Masters of Sport are р<0,05.

Masters of Sport are found to have higher results in all the investigated neurodynamic functions that can be explained by higher level of sport skills. SVMR index of volleyball players without a sport category is 259.4±5.8 ms; the same index of Masters of Sport is improved by 24.6 ms to 234.8±7.4 ms. Similar dynamics is observed in the test results of RC1-3; this result is improved by 25.6 ms from 355.7±6.82 ms among the volleyball players without a sport category to 330.1±14.3 ms among the Masters of Sport. The greatest changes are observed in the indexes of RC2-3, where the result increases by 101.5 ms. Thus, the indexes are 449.04±9.2 ms among the volleyball players without a sport category and 347.5±6.98 ms among the Masters of Sport (t – 2.11 and р<0.05). Such results correspond to the analogical investigations [7] and show the high level of the development of these functions among the sportsmen of high qualification. At the same time, FMNP index has increased by 6.7 ms from 68.6±0.51s among the volleyball players without sport categories to 61.9±0.57 s among Masters of Sport (t – 2.10 and р<0.05). The state of sportsmen’s psycho-physiological functions is also known to have an impact on the game quality in volleyball [4, 5]. Therefore, we analyzed the state of psycho-physiological functions of volleyball players of different qualifications to find the peculiarities of the investigated functions (Table 2).

Table 2

Psycho-Physiological Functions of Volleyball Players of Different Qualification

Psycho-Physiological Functions	Qualification
	Without sport category (16)	CMS (10)	MS (8)
Short-term memory for numbers (%)	52.7±1.5	64.7±2.2	65.5±2.1
Short-term memory for images	5.6±0.21	7.2±0.3	7.3±0.3
Attention (s)	318±3.3	274.8±3.5*	260.1±6.6
Perception of time (s)	59.6±1.6	61.2±1.2	60.8±1.4
Perception of space (s)	9.4±0.6	9.7±0.3	9.9±0.3
Abstract thinking (%)	60±1.8	66.8±2.3	72.2±2.1
Associative thinking (%)	41.6±2.7	44.7±2.07	45.5±2.1
Logical thinking (%)	90±2.1	95.7±1.3	96.1±1.7
Operational thinking (%)	85±2.7	97.3±1.6	97.7±1.1
Tactical thinking in attack (%)	18.6±1.6	48.6±2.4*	64.4±1.2#
Tactical thinking in defense (%)	18.7±1.3	47.6±2.4*	59.2±2.1#

Note: * – reliable change of indexes for Candidates to Sport Masters if compared with volleyball players without sport categories (р<0.05). # – reliable change of indexes for Masters of Sport if compared with volleyball players without sport categories (р<0.01).

Analyzing experimental data we have found that practically all the investigated psycho-physiological functions of volleyball players of different qualification do not differ reliably among themselves (р>0.05). However, there are reliable differences in the indexes of attention, tactic thinking in attack and defense. So, the index of switching attention among the volleyball players without sport categories is 318±3.3s; it improves by 43.2 s among Candidates to Sport Masters being 274.8±3.5 (р<0.05). The coefficient of tactic thinking in attack among volleyball players without sport category is 18.6±1.62%; it increases by 30% to 48.6±2.44% (р<0.05) among Candidates to Sport Masters. The index of tactic thinking in defense among volleyball players without sport categories is 18.7±1.37%; it increases by 28.9% (р<0.05) to 47.6±2.43% among Candidates to Sport Masters. There is no reliable difference (р>0.05) in further increase of this index among volleyball players of Sport Master level.

Constitution type is known to determine not only an individual’s somatic development but his physical preparedness as well [1, 9], therefore, we have analyzed the peculiarities of morpho-functional development of volleyball players of different qualification (Table 3).

Table 3

Morpho-Functional Development of Volleyball Players of Different Qualification

Morpho-Functional Development	Qualification
	Without a category (16)	CMS (10)	MS (8)
Height (cm)	182.8±2.54	195.6±1.64	195.05±1.66
Weight (kg)	70.2±3.3	86.2±1.56	89.05±1.77
Chest Circumference (cm)	89.2±2.03	101.2±0.99	101.8±1.43
Upper Limb Length (cm)	100.8±1.38	108.3±1.22	109.5±1.4
Lower Limb Length (cm)	75.5±1.34	82.4±1.13	83.2±1.53

Research results of morpho-functional development indexes of volleyball players of different qualification show that, as it was predicted, Masters of Sport dominate the volleyball players of lower sport categories according to all the parameters, although there is no reliable difference in the indexes (р>0.05). The obtained data do not differ reliably from analogical investigations (р>0.05) [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17] concerning the morpho-functional development of volleyball players and can be used for the selection to sport sections.

Conclusions

1. Neurodynamic and psycho-physiological functions of volleyball players are found to improve with the growth of sport qualification; and the indexes of morpho-functional development are found to increase that is stipulated by the positive impact of regular volleyball practice.

2. The obtained characteristics of neurodynamic, psycho-physiological functions and morpho-functional development of volleyball players of different qualification have a prognostic value and can be used as criteria while selecting to volleyball sections and test standards on different stages of volleyball players’ sport improvement. So, the indexes, which are highly genetically determined, are of paramount importance on the stages of sport selection.

The prospect of further research is to form the criteria of modal characteristics of volleyball players of different qualification according to their playing position.

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ARTEMENKO Bohdan Oleksandrovych, postgraduate of Physiology M. Bosyi Research Institute of Cherkasy B. Khmelnytskyi National University, bogdan198803@mail.ru +380679710358. Pushkin Street, 75, Zolotonosha, Cherkasy region, 19701, Ukraine.

LYZOGUB Volodymyr Serhiyovych, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Director of Physiology M. Bosyi Research Institute, Cherkasy B. Khmelnytskyi National University.