Multilingualism as one of the priorities of modern
education: state perspectives
Today,
in the age of technologization and globalization, there is activation of
process of search for effective conditions, mechanisms of educating the young,
able to dialogue with other cultures. The history of the society shows that
prosperity of society depends not only on economy and technology, and not even
from the General culture and from a culture of words. Indeed, the training of a
versatile specialist with a high level of culture (including the culture of
speech)– the main problem of education today. The realities of modern stage of
society development, the language situation in Kazakhstan is a multiethnic,
with a long history, which intertwined the peoples, Nations, cultures,
currently dictate the need to develop the basic methodological principles and
approaches to the formation of communicative linguistic identity.
According
to the President N. Nazarbayev "the Kazakhstan is unique and strong in its
multinationality. On his land formed a unique multicultural space... the
Multiculturalism of Kazakhstan is a progressive factor in the development of
society. Eurasian roots of the peoples of Kazakhstan allow to connect Eastern,
Asian, Western, European flows and create unique Kazakhstan variant of the
development of multiculturalism". Multicultural education in the Republic
of Kazakhstan today is one of the main directions in the system of specialized
secondary and higher education. Education is a vital step in the process of
formation and development of multicultural personality, a stage when
consciously formed the core values and principles of life. It is
Multilingualism able to provide students with a supportive environment,
providing a harmonious combination of development of humanistic universal
qualities of a person with full realization of its national, cultural, ethnic
needs. It should be noted that in modern conditions the way of life in a
certain way is unified, there are many national differences, lost connection
with their roots, depreciates the moral experience of previous generations.
Therefore, the teacher is the most important task is to use all his unique
experience and knowledge of cultural traditions of peoples and ethnic groups,
human values and world culture in the creation of a favourable educational
environment conducive to the formation of socially active personality. To solve
this problem it is necessary:
1.To promote the formation of common values,
identity, active citizenship, revival and preservation of spiritual and moral
traditions.
2.
Bring up feelings of respect and patriotism, national pride, educational
institution.
3. To
foster a sense of tolerance, positive attitudes of individuals.
4. To
develop a positive attitude to cultural values of the Kazakhstan society based
on the study of world literature.
5. To
form the idea of a healthy lifestyle, to engage in cultural activities.
Undoubtedly, the basis of formation of multicultural personality is
multilingualism.
Multilingualism
is seen as an effective tool for training the young generation in an
interconnected and interdependent world. In this regard, the understanding of
the role of languages in the modern world puts before us the question of
languages learning and increased language proficiency. The system of principles
of training in the system of multilingual education: the Kazakh language –
Russian language – English language The President of the country N. A.
Nazarbayev has set a high bar to the domestic education. It should be a
competitive, high-quality, so that graduates of the Kazakh school could easily
continue their education in foreign universities.
The relevance of multicultural and multilingual education is based universal global trend towards integration in the economic, cultural and political spheres. Polylingual training we understand as a purposeful
process of introducing them to the world culture by means of several languages,
studying languages act as a way of understanding spheres of special knowledge,
assimilation of cultural, historical and social experience of different
countries and peoples. Kazakhstan, being a multi-ethnic and multi-religious
state, is experiencing today a complex and contradictory period of its cultural
and linguistic development, as evidenced by the prevailing linguistic
situation, the characteristics of which are given in the Concept of language
policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It should be noted that practically in
all papers in the field of language policy core idea is the need of mastering
several languages. From Concept development system of education of RK till
2015: "The knowledge of the native, the state, Russian and Inostrannaya
broadens the mind of man, it contributes to the comprehensive development,
promotes the formation of installation tolerance and complex vision of the
world"
It is
known that only the country can develop successfully and harmoniously with a
number of leading countries of the world, which will be able to create for its
citizens decent living conditions for the acquisition of high-quality and
modern education. In this regard, the new sound becomes the problem of language
education. The source is the idea that learning a language should be
accompanied by studying the culture of speakers of that language. Moreover,
this process should proceed simultaneously, not in separate planes. In this regard,
it would be legitimate to speak of multicultural education, which should lead
to the multilingualism of the citizens of the society. Terms of multilingualism
should be the native language that reinforces the awareness of belonging to
their ethnic group, the Kazakh language as state, the possession of which
contributes to the successful integration of civil, Russian language as a
source of scientific and technical information, foreign and other non-native
languages, developing their identity in the world community. Therefore, the
study of a foreign language as one of the main indicators of human adaptation
to new socio-political and socio-cultural realities is now of topical
scientific-theoretical and scientifically-practical task. Also, objectively there
is a need to rethink prevailing in the period of independence of the
traditional concept of language policy and language situation.
The
main purpose of teaching students the English language is the development of a
multicultural personality, capable of social and professional
self-determination, knowing the history and traditions of his people, speaks
several languages, is able to carry out communicative and active surgery in
three languages in all situations, striving for self-development and self-improvement.
The English language is native for more than 400 000 000 people living in 12
countries including: USA, Canada, England, Australia, New Zealand and others In
more than 30 countries, such as India, Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia, Burma,
and many others, it is widely used on a national scale on a par with national
languages. English ranked number 1 in the world among foreign languages studied
in secondary and high schools, as well as in various courses of the adult
education system. In Kazakhstan, for example, English language study about 70%
of pupils and students in secondary and higher educational institutions. The
English language is becoming the norm for scientific and technical intelligence
of the most developed countries. It is the primary means of communication with
the contacts of foreign tourists with staff on all continents. I believe that
currently about 1 billion people, 1/5 of the population of our planet, in
varying degrees, speak English.
Nowadays
English language plays an extremely important role in such spheres of human
activity as science, technology, economy, trade, sports, tourism. When Swedish,
German or even Japanese scientists want to tell their foreign colleagues about
their discoveries or to share interesting results they publish scientific
articles in magazines in English. This language became the international
language in aviation and shipping. English serves as the working language of
the absolute majority of the international scientific, technical, political and
international professional conferences, symposia and seminars. To sum up, it is
possible to assert with confidence that English in the modern world fulfills
the same important role in Europe in the middle ages played Latin.
Learning
a foreign language is one of the main elements of the system of professional
training of specialists at all levels in the Republic of Kazakhstan, including
in educational institutions of secondary and higher professional education.
Without knowledge of a foreign language in the modern world do not do any one
person. Foreign language skills necessary to be a competitive person in the
labour market. Modern society places high demands on the students in mastering
foreign languages. But no teacher can't teach if the student does not want to learn,
the principle of communicativeness and accounting of the native language, the
principle of differentiation and integration, the principle of group and
individual approach.
The system of principles of
training in the system of multilingual education: the Kazakh language – Russian
language – English language; - learning languages is parallel, the tongues do
not intersect, the support is the native language; - learning a foreign
language is a training of speech thinking, mastery of new means of expression
of thoughts and the world of the studied language; The development of a
multilingual consciousness of the individual; - algorithm development of
speech, mental, oral – written; communication. Language development is the
development of thinking. It is impossible without thoughts, without advancing
the internal process. Speech Wednesday: the word – dictionary – the structure
of the language: the development of speech communication – rhetoric : speech.
Thus, language is a level system: vocabulary – pronunciation – grammar.
Pragmatics of language or speech is the medium of communication, communication
and self-expression: acquire new means of expression of thoughts and world of
the target language. For successful implementation of the requirements of the
state educational standard required a different approach to learning a foreign
language. This is due to certain reasons, namely: the learning process takes
place in an artificial language environment, foreign language is considered as
a secondary discipline; lack of textbooks and manuals, have a professional
orientation. Very often interest in the subject among students is dropping,
there is apathy, indifference, anxiety caused by the difficulties a student
encounters while studying the subject. Therefore, one of the main tasks of the
foreign language teacher to keep the interest in subject, desire to work day in
and day out. This interest is not lost among the students, the teacher must not
only know their subject, but also to look for new instructional techniques that
develop cognitive interest in teaching. In such a situation the main factor for
successful learning is motivation, i.e. a positive attitude of students to
foreign language as a school discipline and recognized need for the acquisition
of knowledge in this area. It is necessary not only to interest students of a
foreign language, but also to teach them study it as a professionally important
subject. When solving this task, an important role plays the integration with
special disciplines. The teaching of English in our Higher technical school has
a vocational orientation. HETS prepares students for different occupations:
therefore the subject content for each specialty are different. One of the
areas of my work – teaching English in groups of technical specialties.
Knowledge of a foreign language is necessary for specialists in this area
because almost one third device, operating in Kazakhstan, manufactured abroad
or in a joint venture and a large part of regulatory documents on maintenance,
repair and operation of written in a foreign language. Therefore one of the
objectives of the course “English language” - a language teaching business
disciplines to active use, both in everyday life and in professional activity.
In activity of future graduates there are situations in which knowledge of the
English language. In the testing of professional knowledge of our future professionals contribute to actions such as:
-
a
business game on "Business communication", "employment",
"Sending business correspondence", - the study of texts. For the study of business documentation in English we activate vocabulary
in speech etiquette of business communication, formed abilities and skills on
the use of non-personal forms of verbs in speaking and writing on professional
topics. For the formation of skills to analyze the production situation, we
improve the skills of study reading production of texts, developing skills in
the abstract to a professional text, improving communicative skills on topics
related to their future profession. The formation of ability to analyze
professional literature occurs in the classroom dedicated to the education of
the abstracting professional subjects according to the curriculum. In the
preparation of students training of transformation texts are Internet resources
that promote activization of lexical, grammatical material, increases
motivation of students in mastering a foreign language. After analyzing the
methods and types of work with Internet resources, we use them in the practical
work of students in classroom and independent work beyond class hours. To
homework involving Internet resources we included: - project review for the
countries of the target language - browse different sites for finding authentic
texts on a variety of professional issues for practice translation - reviewing
reports when creating groups in studying topics related to culture, art,
environmental protection in the countries of the language. Internet resources
used in various activities: - for independent work of students with the purpose
of searching for information within a given topic, - for use in online
conversations. The main types of integration of Internet resources in the
teaching learning process of the English language are: - the use of ready-made
materials authentic texts, - application multimidiynyh and computer technology
to participate in the discussion on a given topic. Thus, with the use of the
Internet to solve the following didactic tasks in the teaching process: -
formed skills of reading authentic texts of different complexity, - develop
skills of unprepared speech during problem-based discussion materials network,
- improved skills of written speech, - active everyday and professional
vocabulary search and reading and in oral speech, - developing sustainable
motivation of foreign language students, - learn to mark the specific culture
of the home country and the target language. Thus, the use of Internet resources at the initial stage of work with authentic material by
professional allows you to: - to form a linguo-cognitive professional
dictionary, - to develop skills of interpretation and visual perception of
authentic information, - develop exploratory and analytical skills of
independent work with professional information material - to develop the ability
to critically analyze and synthesize the information. Project activities in
class activates language on professional topics also introduces students to the
culture of English-speaking countries as it is used directly in the study of
the cultural production industry. As a result of the described practice the
students form professional knowledge, abilities, skills, namely: - ability to
work with business documentation, - ability to analyze practical situations, -
ability to work with professional literature, - the skills of foreign language
professional culture, - skills to work responsibly, - skills to work in an
international team skills innovative, integrative, theoretically thinking on
professional topics, based on fundamental system knowledge. No doubt, the use
by teachers of innovative methods, methods of formation of interest in learning
(educational games, educational discussions, problem situations, etc.), methods
of formation of duty and responsibility in teaching (encouragement, approval,
disapproval, etc.); implementation in the educational process teachers and
students of new technologies (presentations of educational material, electronic
manuals, audio and video materials, etc.), activate the process of language
learning and promote effective learning of Kazakh, Russian and foreign
languages. The content of multicultural education has many aspects and has a
high degree of interdisciplinarity, to consider the problems of multicultural
education in the study of humanitarian disciplines, natural Sciences, artistic
and aesthetic cycles and special courses on the history and culture of
individual Nations. Thus, for the formation of a competitive specialist,
outgoing positive personality, capable of active and effective life in a
multinational and multicultural environment, having developed understanding and
sense of respect for other cultures, ability to live in peace and harmony need
of multicultural and multilingual education.
Литература:
1. Бондаревская Е.В.
Ценностные основания личностно-ориентированного воспитания: Ростов-на-Дону,
2000.
2. Зимняя И.А., Сахарова Т.Е.
Проектная методика обучения английскому языку. // Иностранные языки в школе.
1991. № 3. С. 9 -15.
3. Никишина И.В.
Инновационная деятельность современного педагога. Волгоград: Учитель, 2007.
4. Полат Е.С., Бухаркина
М.Ю., Моисеева М.В., Петров А.Е. Новые педагогические технологии в системе
образования. - М.: Академия, 2000.
5. Новейший психологический словарь.
Шапарь В.Б. Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс, 2005.
6. Энциклопедический словарь.
Туймебаев Ж.К.: Астана, 2008.